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GEOL 404: LECTURE 1
Petroleum Geology
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application of geology in petroleum exploration and production
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Hydrocarbons
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made of complex molecules of hydrogen and carbon; chemically transformed from organic matter
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Where is petroleum naturally occuring
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Oil, Gas, Asphalt, Bitumen, Heavy Tar
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Crude
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unrefined petroleum
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How do Geoscientists think and learn?
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1. Temporal thinking
2. Earth as a complex system
3. Learning in the field
4. Spatial thinking
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What does Physics encompass?
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1. Structural geology
2. Geophysical exploration and logging
3. Sedimentology
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What does Chemistry encompass?
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1. Sedimentology
2. Petrography
3. Organic geochemistry
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What does Biology encompass?
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1. Organic geochemistry
2. Stratigraphy
3. Paleontology
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What are the steps in the petroleum business?
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1. Exploration
2. Development & Production
3. Refining & Sale
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US Energy Consumption, Petroleum?
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40%
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US Energy Consumption, NG?
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22%
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US Energy Consumption, Coal?
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23%
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US Energy Consumption, Nuclear?
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8%
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US Energy Consumption, Renewable?
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7%
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What percent of Sedimentary Rocks are Siltstone, Mudstone and Shale?
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75%
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What percent of Sedimentary Rocks are Limestone and Dolostone?
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14%
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What percent of Sedimentary Rocks are Sandstone and Conglomerate?
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11%
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World Petroleum Reserves, Carbonate?
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60%
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World Petroleum Reserves, Siliclastic?
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30%
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World Petroleum Reserves, Volcanic?
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10%
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Where is there a future of carbonate fields?
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Permian Basin of Texas; 60b barrels remain
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What are the 2 development and economy problems?
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1. Early water breakthrough
2. Low recovery factors
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Recovery Factor, Carbonate?
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4 - 25%
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Recovery Factor, Sandstone?
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30 - 35%
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Recovery Factor, Unconventional?
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4 - 8%
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Where are companies going to start drilling deeper?
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Niger Delta (West Africa Slope)
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Where are the new shale gas plays?
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1. Barnett in Texas
2. Marcellus in New England
3. Devonian in Ohio
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Gas Hydrate
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8CH446H2O; unusually compact chemical structures made of Water and NG
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Recovery Efficiency
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A problem for geo-scientists, physicists, chemists, engineers and above all, visionary leaders
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