BUSSPP 0020: Quiz 2

could refer to an entire firm or to a division of a firm. Examples of entire firm: Coca - Cola Examples of divisions of the firm: Marathon a "player" in the petroleum industry as a division of USX (US Steele)

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS)

The idea here is that firms in the same industry are likely to demonstrate demand-side substitutability or supply-side substitutability or both.

Refers to the possibility of customers switching between suppliers. Example: a buyer of a retail checking account could buy from PNC, or Citibank, or a large number of other banks

Refers the similarity of technologies used by the producer. Example: Campbell's is a firm with lots of knowledge and experience turning tomatoes into prepared food. I don't think they make ketchup. Heinz does. Customers looking for ketchup won't find it by Campbell's. By the demand side definition Heinz is "in" the ketchup industry and Campbell's is not. Does Campbell's have the technology to make ketchup? If they did, then under supply-side definition, we would consider both firms in the same industry

Are a special type of competitor, namely, those competitors that sell what you sell. Rivals may "look" different depending on how the industry is defined. Rivals could be entire firms or divisions of firms.

Doing one business exceedingly well.

Firms that are in more than one business area.

Firms in one business.

If a firm is diversified into related businesses. A firm in one business gets the maximum impact of focus, but also the greatest risk exposure.

If the multiple businesses of the firm are not related. A firm in many unrelated areas may reduce its risk exposure, but loses the benefit of focus

The process of systematically analyzing an industry.

1. Competition Rivals 2. Competition from new entrants 3. Competition from substitutes 4. Relative power of customers 5. Relative power of suppliers.

Competition among the rivals currently selling more or less similar products. We expect competition among rivals is greater when: (a) there are many small producers (b) there is a weak or negative growth in demand (c) there is excess capacity that is expensive to shut down (d) there are high exit costs. All things equal, greater competition would be expected to reduce the profitability of the industry

Competition from other players that could sell more or less similar products. Entry Barriers Economies of scale brand loyalty

Competition from players that sell substitute products. Brand loyalty Switching costs

If industry profitability is high, that industry is a more attractive arena for all rivals, on average However, whether a particular firm in the industry is profitable or not is only partly dependent on industry attractiveness.