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PHIL 1273: EXAM 2 NATIVE AMERICAN MUSIC 3213
Reappropriate
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To repurpose a term with a new meaning
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Confederacy
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Governing force of many different states or nations.
i.e. Iroquois Confederacy
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Longhouse |
Large log meeting house seen in Northeastern region, also a metaphor for peace.
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Trail of Tears
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The removal of Indians from the East Coast of the U.S. Moved to West of the Mississippi river and eventually to Oklahoma.
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Columbus' Arrival (How he viewed them)
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First lands, met by Natives. Notices they are naked and don't know what iron/steel weapons are, so he thinks of them as savages that would be easy to enslave.
No spices/gold, but he finds that slaves will be the best commodity from the Caribbean.
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Green Corn Ceremonial
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A four day religious ceremony that only happens once a year.
Stomp Dance (Men sing, Women use Leg Rattles)
Occurs in the Southeastern Region
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Social Dances
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Women's Shuffle Dance (CD 2-8)
Stomp Dance
Fish Dance
Seen in Northeastern Region
Uses drums and rattles as accompaniment
Circle goes COUNTER-CLOCKWISE
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Regions (Instruments and Musical Characteristics)
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... |
Southeastern Region
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Stomp Dance
Green Corn Festival
Leg Rattles (cans and turtle shells, only women)
3 different steps: Natural Walk, Flat footed stomp, and Flat footed hop
Stomp Dance Form: Song cycle of 4 songs played back to back
2. Creek Hymns
No accompaniment
Harmony
Women are singing
Leader/Chorus
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Arctic
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Drum Dance
Hand Drum (Twist and Step)
Women Sing
Duel Song and Sayuun
2. Throat Singing
Also known as: Kattajaq, Vocal Games, Throat Song, and Breath Song
Usually 2 women alternating
Social
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Subarctic
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Tea Dance
Also Known as: Caribou Dance, Round dance, or friendship dance
Songs are usually personal and have significance to a specific person (usually the singer).
Pulsation seen due to dancing
Men who are dancing are also singing
CLOCKWISE rotation of dance circle
All night dances consisting of songs with and without instruments
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Southeastern Instruments
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Idiophones:
Turtle Shells/Tin Cans
Rasp- stick scraping edges
Striking stick- sticks clapped to keep the beat
Rattles- Tin can, Coconuts, Turtle Shells, Gourds
Metal Bells
Aerophones
Flutes/End-blown flute- played from the side vs. played like a recorder
Whistle- only has one pitch
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Northeastern Instruments
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Drums
Rattles
Tribe Called Red song: 'Braves'
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Subarctic Instruments
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Hand drum w/ SNARES (called "whisper voices")
Single-headed drum
Plank
Rattles
Whistles
Fiddles (After western Contact)
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Arctic Instruments
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Mallet
Hand Drum
Jaw Harp
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Hollywood Stereotypes
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Almost always Plains Indians
Broken English
Stern, Stoic, Warrior (Noble or Savage)
Feathers with no clothes
Cowboys vs. Indians (John Wayne)
3 Stereotypes thought as historical truths:
Native American Princess (Pocahontus)
Chief (Headdress, Horse, quiet, wise, etc.)
Savage (War paint, Bows, Spears, tomahawks, feather in head)
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Indian Camp
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Teaching these young kids false stereotypes about Indians.
Teaches Indians are brutal, but unified
No shirts, war paint
Wrestling
Indian Chants, make the 'tribes' compete against one another
Basically going to camp to be another race
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Tracks for Listening
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... |
Arctic (Cd 1 - 9. 11)
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Drum Dance (1-9)
Nation: Iglulik
Location: Baffin Islands
Genre: Drum Dance
Song Title: "I Am So Happy"
Traditional
Instrument: Hand Drum w/ Mallet
Performers: 1 Female Singer, 1 Male Drum-Dancer (Usually the Composer)
Vocals: Female Vocables (Ay-ya-ya-ya)
Throat Singing (CD 1-11)
Traditional
Performers: Usually 2 Women facing each other
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Subarctic (Cd 1-13)
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Tea Dance (Round Dance)
Usually Personal songs received from the Spirit of an animal or insect
Pulsating vocals
Unaccompanied
Nasal Tone
Middle to High Vocal Range
Male vocals
Descending Melody
Vocables
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Southeast (Cd 2-6,7)
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Green Corn
Men Singing (Call and Response/ Leader-Chorus)
Women wearing Leg rattles, walking around the circle
Performed at "Grounds"
Creek Hymns
No accompaniment
Performed in Church
Harmony
Leader-Chorus
Both Men and Women Singing
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Northeast (CD 2-8)
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Women's Shuffle Dance
Drum and Rattles (water-drums)
3 types of steps: Stomp, Side-shuffle, and Fish-step
Usually in a Counter-Clockwise direction
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