PHIL 1273: ETHICS EXAM 1
24 Cards in this Set
Front | Back |
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Moral psychology
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it does not change the way we think about what actions are right and wrong, it is the way that we already think
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moral architecture
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-putting things into context where it is hard to do the unethical thing/easier to do the right thing
-not "inside" the mind (proper motivations) but an environment in which we operate and influences our internal processes
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Kahneman
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thinks we need both system 1 and system 2 in order to make moral decisions
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system 1
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automatic, impulsive, problems occur because we default to this
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system 2
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rational, requires concentration, can train mind to think a certain way
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Social proof
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judging proper social behavior off of the actions of others, pressure to fit in even if the actions are unethical
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self-serving bias
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people seek out confirmation instead of disconfirming evidence in order to fit their beliefs (tobacco company)
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obedience to authority
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blindly follow instructions by those in authority (Stanley Milgram)
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Toby Groves Case
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"If you're making a business decision, you are significantly more likely to lie than if you were thinking from an ethical frame"
-realized company was in major debt, so he took out an air loan and needed help from employees who complied
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Goal of utilitarians
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maximize utility and happiness
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Mill
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believes utility is about quality (higher/lower pleasures) not quantity
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Bentham
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believes in theory that "all pleasures are equal". (the more people happier the better)
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deontological ethics
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freedom and rights are very important to this type of ethics
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hedonism
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liking pleasure and hating pain
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Kant
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-basis for morality is to do something out of duty
-believes that emotions should not matter and are not a basis for morality (doing something because its your duty, not because of your emotions)
-understands reason to be a good thing because we are rational beings
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duty based ethics
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look for the motive/intention to see if it is morally good or bad
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categorical imperative
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tests to see if an action is moral by;
-universalize maxims
-treating people as ends not means
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universalize maxims
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see if it applies to everyone and if it is still morally correct, then it is okay
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Ends not means
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treating people with respect
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autonomy
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-use reason in order to not be controlled by outside forces
-our status as free beings-- not determined by nature
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heteronomy
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-an outside or inside force that you cannot control (laziness)
-no psychological impulses, even nice ones
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virtue ethics
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we talk about people and their character when we talk about morality
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aristotles theory
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habit and inclination is important because you form good habits and habits of courageous behavior and then you won't have to think about virtue because they will come naturally
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telelogical
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-means having an end
-habits help you get to that end
-ex. collie
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