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Moral psychology
it does not change the way we think about what actions are right and wrong, it is the way that we already think
moral architecture
-putting things into context where it is hard to do the unethical thing/easier to do the right thing -not "inside" the mind (proper motivations) but an environment in which we operate and influences our internal processes
Kahneman
thinks we need both system 1 and system 2 in order to make moral decisions
system 1
automatic, impulsive, problems occur because we default to this
system 2
rational, requires concentration, can train mind to think a certain way
Social proof
judging proper social behavior off of the actions of others, pressure to fit in even if the actions are unethical
self-serving bias
people seek out confirmation instead of disconfirming evidence in order to fit their beliefs (tobacco company)
obedience to authority
blindly follow instructions by those in authority (Stanley Milgram)
Toby Groves Case
"If you're making a business decision, you are significantly more likely to lie than if you were thinking from an ethical frame" -realized company was in major debt, so he took out an air loan and needed help from employees who complied
Goal of utilitarians
maximize utility and happiness
Mill
believes utility is about quality (higher/lower pleasures) not quantity
Bentham
believes in theory that "all pleasures are equal". (the more people happier the better)
deontological ethics
freedom and rights are very important to this type of ethics
hedonism
liking pleasure and hating pain
Kant
-basis for morality is to do something out of duty -believes that emotions should not matter and are not a basis for morality (doing something because its your duty, not because of your emotions) -understands reason to be a good thing because we are rational beings
duty based ethics
look for the motive/intention to see if it is morally good or bad
categorical imperative
tests to see if an action is moral by; -universalize maxims -treating people as ends not means
universalize maxims
see if it applies to everyone and if it is still morally correct, then it is okay
Ends not means
treating people with respect
autonomy
-use reason in order to not be controlled by outside forces -our status as free beings-- not determined by nature
heteronomy
-an outside or inside force that you cannot control (laziness) -no psychological impulses, even nice ones
virtue ethics
we talk about people and their character when we talk about morality
aristotles theory
habit and inclination is important because you form good habits and habits of courageous behavior and then you won't have to think about virtue because they will come naturally
telelogical
-means having an end -habits help you get to that end -ex. collie

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