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COMM 1113: CHAPTER 6: LISTENING
listening |
the active process of making meaning out of another person's spoken message
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hearing |
the sensory process of receiving and perceiving sound
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attending
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paying attention to someone's words well enough to understand what the person is trying to communicate
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effective listening
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listening with the conscious and explicit goal of understanding what the speaker intends to communicate.
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misconceptions about listening
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1. hearing is the same as listening
2.listening is natural and effortless
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how culture affects listening behavior
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1.expectations for directness
2.nonverbal listening responses (eye contact)
3.Understanfing of language
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HURIER model
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A model describing the stages if effective listening as hearing, remembering,interpreting, evaluating, and responding
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mnemonics
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devices that can aid short- and long-term memory
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evaluating
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1. judging whether the speaker's statements are accurate and true.
2.sperating factual claims from opinions
3. considering the speakers words in the context of other information you have from the speaker
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responding
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indicating to a speaker that we are listening. Giving feedback
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stonewalling
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Responding with silence and a lack of expression on your face. signals lack of interest.
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backchanneling
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using facial expressions, nods, vocalizations such as uh-huh,and verbal statements such as "I understand" to let the speaker know you are paying attention
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paraphrasing |
restating in your own words what the speaker has said, to show that you understand
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empathizing |
conveying ti the speaker that you understand and share his or her feelings on the topic being discussed
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supporting
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expressing your agreeement with the speakers opinion or point of view
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analyzing |
providing your own perspective on what the speaker has said
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advising
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communicating advice to the speaker about what he or she should think, feel, or do.
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informational listening
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listening to learn. i.e. Listening in class, watching the news
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critical listening
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listening to analyze or evaluate. i.e. watching a tv commercial
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empathetic listening
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listening to experience what the speaker thinks or feels. i.e. talking to a friend that is grieving
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inspirational listening
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listening to be inspired by what someone is saying. i.e. a sermon or motivational speech
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perspective taking
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the ability to understand a situation from another's point of view. needed for empathetic listening.
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empathetic concern
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the ability to identify how someone else is feeling and to experience those feelings yourself. required for empathetic listening
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Sympathetic Listening.
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Feeling sorry for another person.
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appreciative listening
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listening for pure enjoyment
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noise
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anything that distracts people from listening to what they wish to listen to
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pseudolistening
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pretending to listen. using feedback behaviors to make it seem as though you are paying attention
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selective attention
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listening only to what one wants to hear and ignoring the rest. listening to some parts and pseudolistening to the rest.
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information overload
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the state of being overwhelmed by the enormous amount of information encountered each day. can interrupt attention.
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glazing over
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daydreaming or allowing the mind to wander while another person is speaking. Most of us are capable of understanding faster than we talk. Causes you to miss important details,lead to less critical listening.
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Rebuttal tendency
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the propensity to debate a speakers point and formulate a reply while that person is still speaking.
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close-mindedness
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the tendency not to listen to anything with which one disagrees with
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close-mindedness
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the practice of using interruptions to take control of the conversation. goal is for you to talk more than the other person.
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confirmation bias
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the tendency to pay attention only to information that supports one's values and beliefs, while discounting or ignoring information that does not.
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vividness effect
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The tendecny of dramatic, shocking events to distort one's perceptions of reality
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skepticism |
an attitude that involves raising questions and having doubts. evaluating evidence for a stated claim
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probable
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a statement has to have a greater than 50% chance of being true
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possible
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even the slightest chance it might be true
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certain
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100% true and nothing less
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