Study Guide: Biopysch
34 Cards in this Set
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Declarative Memory
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Explicit or episodic Facts and events
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Nondeclarative Memory
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Implicit Skills, habits, classical conditioning
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Encoding
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Classifying/categorizing experiences
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Consolidation
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Short term memory to long term memory
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Retrograde Amnesia
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Retrograde amnesia is a form of amnesia where someone will be unable to recall events that occurred before the development of amnesia.
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Anterograde Amnesia
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Anterograde amnesia is a loss of the ability to create memories after the event that caused the amnesia occurs.
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MAO inhibitors
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Block destruction of excess monoamines in terminals.
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Tricyclic Antidepressants
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Block reuptake of monoamines at the synapse.
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Monoamine Hypothesis
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Depresion involves reduced activity at norepinephrine and serotonin synapses.
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Lithium Carbonate
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Stabilizes neurotransmitter and receptor systems to prevent the large swings seen n manic-depressive cycling. Affects several neurotransmitter systems.
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Diathesis
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A predisposition to become depressed.
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Diathesis Stress Model
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Some indication that early exposure to stress increases the likelihood of developing depression in adulthood.
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Serotonin Transporter
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Monoamine transporter protein that is responsible for reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron.
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Hyperfrontality
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Excessive activity in prefrontal cortex and amygdala
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Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
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Delusions (false beliefs, illogical thinking), hallucinations (false sensory perceptions), disorganized speech (incomprehensible language)
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Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
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Social withdrawal, anhedonia, blunted affect (flattening of emotional expression), avolition (inability to initiate and sustain goal directed behavior), alogia (poverty of speech)
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Phenothiazines (i.e. chlorpromazine)
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1st class of drugs used for treatment of schizophrenia. Tranquilizers that calmed surgical patients, did not treat schizophrenia.
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Dopamine Hypothesis
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Schizophrenia involves excessive dopamine activity in the brain.
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Tardive Dyskinesia
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Tremors and involuntary movements caused by blocking of dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia. Side effect of antipsychotic drugs used to treat schizophrenia.
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Atypical Antipsychotics (i.e. clozapine)
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Target D2 receptors much less, so they produce motor problems only at much higher doses. Fewer side effects. Treats some negative symptoms.
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Hypofrontality
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Reduced activity in the frontal lobes.
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Glutamate Theory
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Reduced glutamate activity in the prefrontal cortex is involved in schizophrenia. Atypical antipsychotics increase glutamate levels.
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Sympathetic Adrenal Medullary Pathway
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1. Activation of sympathetic nervous system
2. Stimulation of multiple organs by neurotransmitters (norepinephrine and epinephrine)
3. Stimulation of adrenal medulla (ACh)
4. Release epinephrine and norepinephrine into blood stream
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Antibodies
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Produced by B cells of the immune system to recognize foreign antigens (invaders) and mark them for destruction.
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T-Cells
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White blood cells that kill invaders.
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B-Cells
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Fights intruders by producing antibodies that attack a particular cell type.
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Natural Killer Cells
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Attack and destroy certain kinds of cancer cells and cells infected with virues. Less specific in their targets than T or B cells.
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Innate Immunity
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No memory, anatomical barriers, phagocytes (macrophage), natural killer cells, inflammatory response (histamine release)
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Acquired Immunity
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Protects against specific microorganisms, memory, acquired through having disease or immunization, T cells, B cells (antibodies)
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Dorsomedial Thalamus
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Structure of the brain that plays a role in memory.
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Medial Temporal Lobe System
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H.M. Symptoms: anterograde amnesia, mild retrograde amnesia, consolidatin disrupted, hippocampus & amygdala involved
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N.A.
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Deficits: anterograde amnesia, encoding functions disrupted, dorsomedial thalamus involved.
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Korsakoff's Syndrome
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Deficits: anterograde amnesia & remote memory loss, encoding & retrieval functions disrupted, brain areas involved are widespread, including frontal cortex and mammillary bodies of diencephalon.
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H.M.
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Bilateral temporal lobe damage from surgery for epilepsy at 27 years old. Has difficulty learning and retaining new information (consolidation)
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Study Guide: Biopysch