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PSYC 333: Exam 2
In Piaget's cognitive developmental theory, the basic goal of intelligence is to
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ADAPT TO THE ENVIRONMENT
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4yo britney mistakes her neighbor's new pet rabbit for a kitten. Britney's error illustrates the Piagetian process of
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ASSIMILATION
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The preoperational principle called centration means that the child
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ATTENDS TO EACH OBJECT'S SINGLE MOST SALIENT FEATURE
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Recent theoretical discussion on PIaget's stages has focused on the issue of whether
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COGNITION DEVELOPS CONTINUOUSLY INSTEAD OF IN STAGES
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According to Vygotsky, ________ development refers to short-term longitudinal changes in the child's competencies or performances.
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MICROGENETIC
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The formal education of children in the US and Europe primrily involves
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CONTEXT-INDEPENDENT LEARNING.
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_______ regarded the child's SELF-DIRECTED SPEECH to be important, ____ sophisticated, purposive, and communicative.
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VYGOTSKY BUT NOT PIAGET
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The use of the computer as a model for understanding the child's mind is part of the
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INFORMATION-PROCESSING PERSPECTIVE
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Which maturational change has been identified as the source of age-related improvements in children's processing speed?
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MYELINIZATION OF THE BRAIN'S ASSOCIATEIVE AREAS.
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_______ is the maturational change that has been identified as the source of age-related improvements in the children's processing speed
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MYELINIZATION OF THE BRAIN'S ASSOCIATIVE AREAS
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Theorists such as Kipp and Bjorklund have claimed that inhibitory processes are needed so that the child
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CAN SUPPRESS TASK-IRRELEVANT DISTRACTING THOUGHTS.
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Free recall refers to recalling
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IN THE ABSENCE OF USEFUL HINTS OR RETRIEVAL CUES.
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A 5yo describes going to the dentist as, "you get in the car, drive there, get out, go inside, wait, get in the dental chair, get teeth fixed, jump from chair, walk to the car, and go home." This is an example of a
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MEMORY SCRIPT
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An example of _______ is how African adolescents display better recall for orally transmitted stories vs American adolescents that benefit from writen transmitted learning.
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CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE TOOLS OF INTELLECTUAL ADAPTION FOR REMEMBERING
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In the study of preschoolers' efforts to move gumballs between bowls, Brown and Kane found that children
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USED ANALOGICAL HINTS EFFECTIVELY TO SOLVE THE TASK.
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The expression, "mental age of 7," according to Binet's intelligence test means
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THE CHILD PASSED ITEMS THAT MOST 7yos PASS.
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Louis Thurstone's factor analyses led him to the theoretical conclusion that spearman's g-factor is
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ACTUALLY SEVEN SEPARATE MENTAL ABILITIES.
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In Sternberg's triarchic theory, the componential (information-progressing) component of intellect includes
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KNOWLEDGE, STRATEGIES, AND METACOGNITION.
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Test norms for IQ tests ARE BASED ON
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AVERAGE SCORES AND VARIATIONS WITHIN LARGE PRETESTED SAMPLES FOR THE AGE GROUP.
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The Flynn effect refers to a long-term secular trend in which IQs HAVE
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RISEN BY THREE POINTS IN ENTIRE POPULATIONS OVER EACH DECADE.
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According to Jensen's genetic hypothesis, level I abilities include all of the following except
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LANGUAGE ABILITY
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According to Jensen's genetic hypothesis, level I abilities include
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ATTENTION, SHORT-TERM MEMORY, and ASSOCIATIVE SKILLS.
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The change especially sought in parents who participate in two-generation intervention programs is
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A RISE IN SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS TO THE MIDDLE CLASS.
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At a church service, Bonzo jumps up and shouts, while hundreds of people scowl disapprovingly. Bonzo language _____ is/are inappropriate here.
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PRAGMATICS |
Children utter novel sentences that they have never heard. This originality in speech ____ the empiricist theory.
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DISCONFIRMS |
Toddler Todd says, "Kitty eated food," so mom says "Yes, Kitty ate her food." The error correction is called
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EXPANSION |
Adults' exaggerated verbal utterances mixed with expressive actions such as gestures are known as
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MULTIMODAL MOTHERESE
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Telegraphic speech is especially prominent in toddlers
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WHOSE LANGUAGES EMPHASIZE THE IMPROTANCE OF WORD ORDER
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Preschoolers do better at referential communication in natural settings than in laboratory settings because natural settings ARE
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RICH SOURCES FOR CONTEXTUAL CUES.
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When compared with preschoolers, older children are especially more proficient at
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GIVING ACCURATE REFERENTIAL DESCRIPTIONS.
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Emotions that the neonate can express immediately at birth are considered by researchers to be
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INNATE |
In the US, parents train their young children to
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SUPPRESS SOME EMOTIONS AND EXPRESS OTHERS.
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Three attributes that are components of temperament are
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POSITIVE AFFECT, FEARFULNESS, AND ACTIVITY LEVEL.
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The goodness-of-fit principle states that parents should
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OPTIMIZE PARENTING STYLE FOR THE CHILD'S TEMPERAMENT.
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Infants suffer their peak level of distress from stranger anxiety at the average age of about
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NINE MONTHS.
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During the "strange situation" assessment, infants with ____ attachment display an ambivalent approach to their parent, remaining close but rejecting any contact initiated by the parent.
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RESISTANT |
Infants with an _____ style of attachment are likely to construct positive working models of themselves and negative working models of others.
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AVOIDANT |
The set of emotions that are closely ied to cognitive development, particularly self-recognition and an understanding of acceptable/unacceptable behavior, is
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EMBARRASSMENT, SHAME, GUILT, AND PRIDE.
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Sarah has just come to understand that seeing a dog will make her best friend thrilled while her other friend afraid. Given that Sarah has developed the ability to understand the same things will make different people experience different emotions,
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YOU COULD HYPOTHESIZE THAT SARAH IS EIGHT.
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Temperament is considered to have a biological basis because
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TEMPERAMENTAL CORRELATIONS ARE STRONGER FOR IDENTICAL TWINS THAN FOR FRATERNAL TWINS.
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Synchronized interactions between infants and their parents are important contributors to emotional attachment because
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THEY PROVIDE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR THE INFANT TO LEARN WHAT HIS PARENT IS LIKE AND HOW TO ATTRACT HIS OR HER ATTENTION.
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Bowlby's ethological theory states that separation anxiety develops in young children because
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SEPARATION IS A NATURAL CLUE TO DANGER.
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Infants who display confusion about whether to approach or withdraw from their caregiver during the "stange situation" assement are classified as having developed
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DISORGANIZED/DISORIENTED ATTACHMENT.
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An excellent predictor of future positive outcomes in development is the
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CHILD'S SECURE ATTACHMENT.
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