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PSYC 333: Exam 3
Two year old Jason's big sister stuck a sticker on his head. Later he looks at himself on the mirror but does not try to retrieve the sticker off of his own head. Jason's self concept is limited to that of the
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Present self
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Which of these is a trait of collectivist societies
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Self effacement
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Low self esteem is most strongly associated with ___ in girls and ____ in boys
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Failure to gain the approval of friends; lack of romantic competence
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Robert white asserted that people of all ages are motivated intrinsically to
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Master the environment and its challenges
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When Leah successfully solves a difficult algebra problem, her teacher tells her "Leah you thought that problem through and came up with an excellent strategy for solving it." Based on mueller and dweck's study, this interchange will help foster Leah's interest in pursuing
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Learning goals because the teacher gave process oriented praise
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Among minority youth, gender identity formation conflicts tend to arise for
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Mixed-identity adolescents and cross-ethnic adoptees; minority children living in primarily Caucasian neighborhood
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As children mature through middle childhood, they become increasingly inclined to characterize others in terms of
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Psychological constructs (traits)
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Traditionally, girls are encouraged to adopt an ___ gender role standard
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Expressive |
Sex differences in risk taking in the first year of life may stem, in part, from
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Boys heightened activity levels
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Adherence to gender role expectations
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Is stronger in collectivistic cultures that emphasize the need to maintain social harmony
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Genotypic influences on the child's self concept are
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Stronger for boys than girls
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Children are likely to encode and remember information that is consistent with their ideas about gender but they are likely to forget or distort information that is not consistent with their views. This is a tenant of the ___ theory
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Gender-schema theory
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Transsexuals' gender reassignment surgery contradicts the principle of
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Gender stability
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Which intervention is most effective for changing gender role attitudes
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Cognitive interventions that attack stereotypes directly
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Thugo, age 10, likes to beat up smaller kids just to hurt them and make them cry. Thugo performs
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Hostile aggression
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Snubbing or ignoring another person to make him or her feel bad is a type of
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Relational aggression
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The incompatible response technique involves
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Reinforcing desirable behaviors while ignoring the undesirable whenever possible
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During the preschool years, there is a shift in altruism from
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Pretend play to real acts of helpfulness toward others
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Compassionate toddlers tend to have parents who
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Apple discipline via compassionate explanation
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Self serving responses to moral dilemmas, emphasizing ones own needs or interests is especially common among
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Preschoolers
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Which set of traits applies to the "principled idealistic" character dimension of moral maturity
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Clear values, highly developed conscience, and law abiding
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During Piaget's ___ stage, between the ages of five and ten, children show strong respect for rules issued by authority figure
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Heteronomous morality
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The moral person must accept attributes or standards as his or her own. This process is called
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Internalization
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Situational compliance is promoted by parents who
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Are typically insensitive and tend to ignore their children
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Observing a rule following model is most effective in reducing a child's misbehavior when the model
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Verbalizes that a rule is being followed and gives a rationale for doing it
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Labeling a child with complimentary terms such as "good" or "honest"
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Helps establish inhibitory controls
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A child who attacks a victim in order to obtain possession of a ball engages in
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Instrumental aggression
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Research investigating aggressive behavior in popular children reveals that they
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Largely use relational forms of aggression to enhance their popularity
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On a particular day, dandelion, a single mom, interacts with her baby, her boss, a social worker and her prison parole officer. These multiple influences on her are best understood in terms of ___ theory
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Bronfenbrenner's ecological system
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According to ecologists, most direct influences on an infant will come from and be experienced in the
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Microsystems |
In which sort of culture is an extended family arrangement associated with better patterns of psychological adjustment in the children
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Collectivist culture
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___ parents have children with many positive trains such as a secure attachment, high self esteem, strong morality and prosocial actions
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Warmly responsive
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Parents who apply the ___ disciplinary style are especially likely to be involved with Vygotskian scaffolding with good results
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Authoritative |
Psychosocial theorist Erik Ericsson argued that the child's serious socialization begins during
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Toddlerhood, between the ages of two and three years
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Children whose parents apply the ___ disciplinary style becomes impulsive, aggressive, self centered and bossy
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Permissive |
with which ethnic group has authoritarian parenting come to be quite effective, with children seeing strictness as a sign of caring
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Asian American
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Children who are rejected by peers in grade school will
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Be at risk for anxiety and adjustment problems but less so if they are attached to a sibling
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Playful interactions among siblings contribute to children's emergence of
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Theory of mind
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Scientific evidence on the impact of gay and lesbian couples rearing children suggests that
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Lesbian and gay couples are as knowledgeable and effective parents as heterosexual couples
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The most recent research on gender differences in reaction to divorce suggests that
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Boys suffer more overt distress, while girls suffer more covert distrss
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In teenage years adopted children tend to display ___ than their non-adopted peers
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More learning difficulties
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Who will experience the greatest visible distress in response to parental divorce
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Latashia who is three years old
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Developmentally the child's peers are
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Social equals whose behavior complexity matches the child's
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Which of these factors is known to be a good predictor of the child's later social competency with peers
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Cognitive complexity of play
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When age differences exist among older children tend to
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Assert more power in relationships
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It can be hard for an early teenage newcomer to make friends on first arrival because
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Cliques have already been formed
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Effective schools are those that
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Achieve their goals regardless of students' ethnic or socioeconomic identities
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Max is very worried about his son, who is about to move to middle school. What should he do to make this transition as smooth as possible for his son
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Talk to his son about the ways the new school might be different
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At what age is school effectiveness most likely to be related to extracurricular activities
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Middle and high school
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According to rutter and others, a factor that has been found to be highly predictive of "effective" schooling is
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A clear focus on academic goals
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There is ____ relationship between performance for violent TV and the viewers own violent actions
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A positive
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The most violent programs displayed on TV are
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Children's cartoon shows
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Amy is an eight year old girl who watches a lot of TV. She will probably be ___ with her body than girls who do not watch tv
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Less satisfied
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Which computer use will likely promote the use of metacognitive strategies in adolescent writing
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Spreadsheet and other organizing tools
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What processes explain why violent video games may have greater impact on aggression than violent TV
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Active planning and reinforcement
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One of the reasons adolescents enjoy online communication with peers over face to face in some circumstances is because online settings allow them to
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Explore sexual identity in lower risk ways
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