View
- Term
- Definition
- Both Sides
Study
- All (39)
Shortcut Show
Next
Prev
Flip
PSYC 120: Final
How does the cognitive approach explain differences in personality?
|
through the lens that people process information differently.
|
"Man-the-Scientist" Perspectve
|
"we generate hypotheses for situations, collect information, & either confirm or deny hypothesis."
|
What did Watson use to explain human behavior?
|
classical conditioning & operant conditioning.
|
What type of conditioning did Pavlov use in his famous demonstration of learning with dogs?
|
classical conditioning.
|
Edward Thorndike observed cats learning to escape from boxes to obtain a piece of fish and derived from these observations the "law of effect." This was an early statement of __________.
|
operant conditioning.
|
According to Rotter, what are some examples of psychological variables that must be considered for behavior?
|
beliefs
perceptions
estimation of likelihood |
Name some parts that make up Bandura's reciprocal determinism model.
|
behavior influences internal factors
behavior influences external factors
external factors influence internal factors |
Token economy treatment programs are based on what concept?
|
operant conditioning.
|
Which behavior assessment procedure sometimes leads to improvements during the baseline data collection stage of treatment?
|
self-monitoring
|
A person typed as masculine is __________.
|
high on masculinity and low on femininity.
|
What are the four interrelated processes involved in observational learning of aggression?
|
1. attend
2. remember
3. enact
4. expect |
Psychologists use shaping because of which limitation of operant conditioning?
|
one must wait for the organism's response before it can be rewarded or punished.
|
People are more likely to engage in a behavior if it is followed by a reward. According to Rotter, this is because the reward __________.
|
changes the expectancy that the behavior will lead to rewards in the future.
|
A psychologist teaches a snake-phobic client to relax. She then has the client imagine increasingly vivid scenes about snakes while relaxing. The psychologist is using which type of therapy?
|
systematic desensitization.
|
A behavior modification therapist wants his clients to record for a week how often and under what circumstances the client bites his fingernails. The therapist is using which assessment procedure?
|
self-monitoring
|
According to Bandura's model, children can learn aggressive behaviors even when they __________.
|
are not rewarded for engaging in the behavior.
|
Which experimental finding does Bandura's social learning model have a difficult time explaining?
|
The aggression displayed by participants is not always the same kind shown in the experimental film.
|
According to the original learned helplessness model, depression begins when people __________.
|
have a series of aversive experiences.
|
When suicidal patients were asked to relive the events that took place before an attempted suicide they __________.
|
described themselves in terms of an external locus of control.
|
According to studies of achievement and locus of control, someone who is an external in college is likely to have __________.
|
received lower scores on achievement tests in high school.
|
Who introduced the idea of behaviorism?
|
John B. Watson
|
In its most extreme form, behaviorism limits psychology to the study of __________.
|
observable behaviors.
|
__________ and __________ are used by behaviorists to explain the development and maintenance of behaviors.
|
classical conditioning; operant conditioning
|
B.F. Skinner
|
the spokesperson for radical behaviorism.
|
Classical Conditioning
|
occurs when a new stimulus is paired with an existing stimulus-response bond.
|
Operant Conditioning
|
results when a behavior is followed by either reinforcement or punishment.
|
What are the techniques that make up behavioral assessments?
|
direct observation
self-monitoring
observation by others |
What are some strengths of the behavioral/social learning approach?
|
it's empirical base
useful therapeutic procedures it has generated |
What are some criticisms of the behavior/social learning approach?
|
inappropriate attention to important causes of behavior such as heredity
how behavior therapists interpret problems into observable behaviors |
Behaviorism
|
"the school of psychology founded on the premise that behavior is measurable and can be changed through the application of various behavioral principles."
|
Law of Effect
|
"behaviors are more likely to be repeated if they lead to satisfying consequences and less likely to be repeated if they lead to unsatisfying consequences."
|
Reinforcement
|
"a consequence that increases the frequency of a behavior that precedes it."
|
Positive Reinforcement
|
"behavior increases because it is followed by the presentation of a reward."
|
Negative Reinforcement
|
"the removal or lessening of an unpleasant stimulus when the behavior occurs."
|
Locus of Control
|
"the amount of control a person has over situations in their life."
|
Observational Learning
|
"learning that occurs as a function of observing, retaining and, in the case of imitation learning, replicating novel behavior execute by other people."
|
Systematic Desensitization
|
"A treatment technique where the client is exposed to gradually increasing anxiety provoking stimuli while relaxing; the goal is for the client to eventually confront a phobia or fear without the previously associated anxiety."
|
Token Economy
|
"patients are rewarded with tokens (reinforcers) for engaging in desirable activities."
|
Biofeedback.
|
"a technique consisting of measuring a person's quantifiable bodily functions, such as blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature, sweat gland activity, and muscle tension then conveying the information to the person in real-time."
|