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OPMT 303: Ch. 10 Definitions
Quality Control |
A process that evaluates output relative to a standard and takes corrective action when output doesn't meet standards |
Inspection |
Appraisal of goods or services |
Quality of Conformance |
A product or service conforms to specifications |
Statistical Process Control (SPC) |
Statistical evaluation of the output of a process |
Random Variation |
Natural variation in the output of a process, created by countless minor factors |
Assignable Variation |
In process output, a variation whose cause can be identified. A nonrandom variation |
Sampling Distribution |
A theoretical distribution of sample statistics |
Central limit theorem |
The distribution of sample averages tends to be normal regardless of the shape of the process distribution |
Control Chart |
A time ordered plot of sample statistics, used to distinguish between random and nonrandom variability |
Control Limits |
The dividing lines between random and nonrandom deviations from the mean of distribution |
Type I Error |
Concluding a process in not in control when it actually is |
Type II Error |
Concluding a process is in control when it is not |
Variables |
Generate data that are measured |
Attributes |
Generate data that are counted |
Mean control chart |
Control chart used to monitor the central tendency of a process |
Range Control Chart |
Control chart used to monitor process dispertion |
P-Chart |
Control chart for attributes, used to monitor the proportion of defective items in a process |
C-Chart |
Control chart for attributes, used to monitor the number of defects per unit |
Run Test |
A test for patterns in a sequence |
Run |
Sequence of observations with a certain characteristic |
Specifications |
A range of acceptable values established by engineer design or customer requirements |
Process Variability |
Natural or inherent variability in a process |
Process Capability |
The inherent variability of process output relative to the variation allowed by the design specification |
Capability Index |
Used to asses the ability of a process to meet specifications |