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BIOL 150: Final
Wild Type |
Wild type refers to the phenotype of the typical form of a species as it occurs in nature.
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Recombinant Type |
Offspring whose phenotype differs from that of the true-breeding P generation parents.
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Recombination of linked genes occurs by? |
Crossing over between non-sister chromatids of a homologous pair of chromosomes.
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Complete Dominance |
Phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.
Example: Aa will show same features as AA |
Incomplete Dominance |
Phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homogygous for either allele.
Example: if WW is white and ww is purple, Ww is pink. |
Codominance |
Phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote because both alleles affect the phenotype.
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Pleiotropy |
Occurs when one gene influences multiple phenotypic traits.
Example: PKU disease is caused by mutations on a single gene and causes mental retardation and reduced hair and skin pigmentation. |
Epistasis |
The phenomenon where the effects of one gene are modified by one or several other genes, which are sometimes called modifier genes.
Example: gene causing albinism hides gene controlling hair color. |
Anticodon |
Base triplet within tRNA
Nucleotide that base-pairs with a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule. |
Transcription Factors |
Protein that assists in the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA and initiation of transcription from the transcription start and assist with initiation transcript.
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Ligase |
Enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments.
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DNA Polymerase I |
Enzyme that removes RNA nucleotides and replaces these nucleotides with DNA nucleotides.
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DNA Polymerase III |
Enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand of DNA
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Independent Assortment |
Random alignment of tetrads on the metaphase plate during Meiosis I
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RNA Polymerase |
Adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing RNA transcript in eukaryotic cells.
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TATA Box |
Base sequence within the template and non-template strands of DNA that is upstream from the transcription start point and assists with the binding of RNA polymerase.
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Wobble |
Term that refers to a relaxation of base pairing rules for the binding of anticodons to codons.
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Release Factor |
Binds to the A site of the ribosome during the termination of translation.
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Adenylyl Cyclase |
Enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP into cyclic AMP
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Protein Kinase |
Alters the activity of other enzymes by phosphorylating the enzyme.
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Outputs of the Calvin Cycle? |
ADP, NADP+, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
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Source of Oxygen in Photosynthesis? |
H2O (water).
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Outputs of Light Dependent Reactions? |
NADPH, ATP
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Nuclear Envelope |
Contains openings or pores that allow movement of materials from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
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Molecule produced within the glycolytic pathway? |
Pyruvate |
When is CO2 produced in cellular respiration? |
Within the junction between glycolysis and the krebs cycle, and the krebs cycle.
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What is the most common route for the synthesis and trafficking of proteins secreted from cell? |
Rough ER, vesicles, Golgi, vesicles, plasma membrane
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Events leading to synthesis of ATP within oxidative phosphorylation?
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donation of electrons by NADH
movement of electrons from one carrier complex to next
generation of a proton gradient
synthesis of ATP via the enzymatic action of ATP synthase |
What does "glyco" refer to in "glycoprotein"? |
Carbohydrate portion of molecule.
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Products of Oxydative Phosphorylation within the electron transport chain? |
ATP, NAD+, and H2O
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Active Site |
specific region where the substrate or reactant binds.
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