View
- Term
- Definition
- Both Sides
Study
- All (35)
Shortcut Show
Next
Prev
Flip
LING 110: Exam 4
Broca's Aphasia
|
Telegraphic Speaking, particular trouble with grammatical words; lack ability to speak fluently.
|
Syntax
|
Knowledge of the way words combine to form phrases and sentences
|
Internal Structure
|
Way words group together to form phrases, following syntactic rules of language
|
Noun Phrase (NP)
|
(ART) (Adj) N
PN
|
Verb Phrase (VP)
|
V (NP) (Adv)
|
Sentence (S)
|
NP (Aux) VP
|
Prepositional Phrase (PP)
|
Prep NP
|
CP |
C S
|
Recursion
|
Infinite Syntax!!!
|
Phrase Structure Rules
|
Rules used to build structures
|
Transformations
|
Formation changes:
1. Yes/no questions
2. Passivization |
Syntax Language Knowledge=
|
1) Rules for combing words to makes phrases, rules that combine phrases into even larger structures
2) Rules for changing those structures |
Word Meanings
|
Stored in lexicon
|
Compositional Meaning
|
Meaning of phrases/sentences
|
Compositionality
|
Meaning of the whole is a function of the meanings of the parts and the way they combine
|
Comprehension
|
Culmination of processes ranging from decoding sounds/characters, to word regonition, combination of words into larger structures, and interpretation of these structures
|
Parsing
|
Mental process that determine grammatical structure of word sequences; unconscious/fast
|
Click Experiment
|
Task: listen to sentence
Subject must report location of "click" in sentence
Results: Found @ end of phrase boundary providing evidence for role of phrase-level internal structure in perception |
Derivational Theory of Complexity
|
Assumption that the more transformations that are needed the longer it should take to comprehend a sentence
|
Speech Shadowing
|
On-line repetition of speaker
New Twist= ++ semantically/syntactically odd stuff |
Time-Reading Experiment
|
Sentence Processing Technique that monitors self paced reading
|
Eye Tracking Experiment
|
Eye movement Experiment that tracks the eye movement of participant while the subject is reading a sentence.
Assumption: Eye movement reflect processing |
Saccades
|
Rapid eye movement
|
Fixations |
stabilized looks over a spot of interest
|
Dependent variables of Eye Tracking
|
latency of fixations & pattern of saccades
|
ERP's
|
Event-Related Potentials
|
Event Related Potentials
|
electrical activity in the brain
|
N400
|
Negative voltage change observed approx. 400 ms after a word is read that is semantically odd
|
P600
|
Positive voltage appearing 600 ms after word is read that is syntactically wrong
|
Semantics
|
Component of language that has to do with word and sentence meaning.
|
Syntactic Coordination / syntactic priming
|
Copying of form: hearing a statement with a particular syntactic construction increases the chances that a sentence will be produced with the same construction.
e.g. "you've got hear this...to understand how..." often repeated then by person answering. |
Semantics and Syntax
|
•Sematics- a set of rules used to derive meaning in language.
Ex: ed on the end of verb makes it past tence
•Syntax- the rules of grammar that govern the arrangement of words in a sequence.
Ex: in english adjectives proceed nouns, in spanish it is the opposite. |
Uniform Acquisition
|
Language is acquired by all children
Languages are similar in basic properties
Children reach mastery of native language by age of 5! |
William Syndrome
|
Poor cognitive ability, but very good language ability
|
Specific Language Impairment
|
Normal cognitive abilities, but impaired language abilities
|