Final Study Guide
70 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
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CO3
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Carbonate
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HCO3
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Bicarbonate
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OH-
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Hydroxide
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NO3
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Nitrate
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NO2
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Nitrite
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CrO4
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Chromate
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CrO7
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Dichromate
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NH4
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Ammonium
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ClO
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Hypochlorite
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ClO2
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Chlorite
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ClO3
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Chlorate
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ClO4
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Perchlorate
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SO4
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Sulfate
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SO3
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Sulfite
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HSO3
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Bisulfite (Hydrogen Sulfate)
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HSO4
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Bisulfate (Hydrogen Sulfate)
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HSO3
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Sulfurous Acid
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Carbonate
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CO32-
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Hydrogen Carbonate
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HCO3-
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Hydroxide
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OH-
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Nitrate
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NO3-
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Nitrite
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NO2-
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Chromate
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CrO42-
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Dichromate
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Cr2O72-
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Ammonium
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NH4
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Hypochlorite
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ClO-
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Chlorite
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ClO2-
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Chlorate
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ClO3-
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Perchlorate
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ClO4-
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Sulfate
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SO42-
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Sulfite
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SO32-
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Hydrogen Sulfate
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HSO4-
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Hydrogen Sulfite
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HSO3-
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Borate
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BO33-
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Silicate
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SiO32-
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Phosphate
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PO43-
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Aresenate
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AsO43-
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Selenate
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SeO42-
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Bromate
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BrO3-
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Tellurate
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TeO42-
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Iodate
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IO3-
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Atom
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Submicroscopic particles
Fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter
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Molecules
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Two or more atoms attached together via bonds
ex. H--O--H ; H--H
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Hemoglobin
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oxygen carrying molecule in red blood cells
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Chemistry
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The science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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In a chemical reaction matter is neither created nor destroyed
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Matter
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Anything that has mass and occupies space
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States of Matter
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Solid(fixed volume rigid shape)
-Crystalline(arranged in patters(3D) ex. diamond)
-Amorphous(no regular pattern ex. charcoal)
Liquid(fixed volume but no fixed shape)
Gas(compressible; always assume shape and volume of their container)
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Pure Substance
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Composed of only one type of atom or molecule
Element: cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances (ex. Au)
Compound: substance composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions (ex. H--H)
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Mixture
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Composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules .
Homogeneous: Uniform composition b/c the atoms or molecules that compose them mix uniformly(Ex. Sweet Tea)
Heterogeneous: form distinct regions b/c their atoms or molecules separate(Wet sand)
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Physical Property
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One that a substance displays without changing its composition. (Ex. Water boiling)
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Chemical Property
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One that a substance displays only by changing its composition via chemical change. (Ex. Iron atoms--Iron oxide(rust))
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Intensive Properties
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Independent of the amount of the substance
(Ex. The density of Al doesn't change according to the amount of the substance)
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Extensive Properties
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Dependent on the amount of the substance
(Ex. Mass)
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Law of Definite Proportions
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All samples of a given compound,regardless of their source or how they were prepared, have the same proportions of their constituent elements.
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Law of Multiple Proportions
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When two elements (call them A & B) form two different compounds, the masses of elements B that combine with 1 g of element A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers.
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Anions
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Negatively charged ions
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Cations
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Positively charged ions
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Metals
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Found on lower left an middle of Periodic table
-good conductors of heat & electricity
-malleability
-ductility
-shiny
-tend to lose electrons when they undergo chemical changes
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Non Metals
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Found on upper right side of Periodic table
-some are solids at room temp. others liquids/gasses
-poor conductors of heat and electricity
-tend to gain electrons when they undergo chemical changes
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Metalloids (semiconductors)
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Show mixed properties; lie across the zig zag line
-intermediate and highly temperature dependent electrical conductivity
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Main-group Elements
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Tend to be largely predictable based on their position on the periodic table
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Transition elements/metals
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Tend to be less predictable based simply on their position in the periodic table.
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Noble Gases
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Are most un-reactive
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Alkali Metals
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Re all reactive metals
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Alkaline earth metals
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Fairly reactive
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Halogens
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Very reactive non metals
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Mole (Avagadros Number)
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6.0221421 *10^23 particles
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Ionic Bond
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-Metals have a tendency to lose electrons and nonmetals have a tendency to gain them.
**oppositely charged ions are attracted to one another by electrostatic forces
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Covalent Bond
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-Nonmetal bonds with another nonmetal, neither atom transfers its electron to the other.
**Instead some electrons are SHARED between the two bonding atoms
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CHEM 1211K: STUDY GUIDE