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CH 101: EXAM 3

network covalent solids
C,Si,Ge ZnS,SiO2
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Heat
q
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work
w
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△Esys
q+w
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enthalpy
△H
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endothermic
△H +
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exothermic
△H -
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form bond
exothermic
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break bond
endothermic
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bond dissociation energy
D
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△H =
∑D(broken bonds) - ∑D(formed bonds)
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entropy
△S
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free energy
△G
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△G =
△H - t△S
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△G -
spontaneous
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△G +
non-spontaneous
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△G0
at standard state
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△G0 -
spontaneous forward mostly products at equilibrium extensive
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△G0 +
non-spontaneous forward spontaneous reverse mostly reactants at equilibrium not extensive
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k
rate constant
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K
equilibrium constant [products]coeff/[reactants]coeff
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K>1
mostly products extensive △G0-
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K<1
mostly reactants not extensive △G0+
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molarity
M moles of solute/liters of solvent
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△Hsolution =
△Hsolute + △Hsolvent + △Hmixing
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△G -
dissolving is spontaneous
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△G +
dissolving is not spontaneous insoluble
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△G0-
maximum solubility > 1M more solid will dissolve
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△G0 +
maximum solubility < 1M no more solid will dissolve
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alkane
all C-C
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alkene
some C=C
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alkyne
some C-C triple bonds
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C
4 shared pairs 0 lone pairs
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N
3 shared pairs 1 lone pair
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O
2 shared pairs 2 lone pairs
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halogens
1 shared pair 3 lone pairs
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C-H bonds
hydrophobic
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O-H bonds
hydrophilic
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N-H bons
hydrophilic
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hydrocarbons
hydrophobic
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sugars
hydrophilic
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fats
hydrophobic
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acetone
hydrophilic/hydrophobic
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alcohols
hydrophilic/hydrophobic
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