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PSYCH 110: Exam 2

Neural communication
Chemical and electrical communication between cells communication between cells is chemical communication in sales is electrical
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Neurons
Electrically excitable cells that process and transmit information electrically
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What are neurons comprised of
Cell body Dendrites Axon Neural impulse Myelin Sheath Terminal branches of axon
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What is the neuron process
Information sent from one end to another and then to other neurons
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How is the process like flashing a toilet
It's an all or nothing response
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What a different kind of neurons
Sensory motor and Inter
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What are Glial Cells and what do they do
The neurons super staff they surround neurons and hold them into place supply nutrients and oxygen destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons
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What are neurotransmitters and why are they important
Chemicals released from the sending neuron that travel across the synapse's and bind receptor site they influence opening and closing of specific channels
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What are different kinds of neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin norepinephrine GABA Glutamate
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What are the various parts of the central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord cerebral cortex limbic system cerebellum
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What is each part or division of the peripheral nervous system responsible for
Somatic controls skeletal muscles or voluntary movement Automatic controls glands are other muscles or involuntary movement Sympathetic control arousal Parasympathetic controls calming
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What are the different parts or division of the peripheral nervous system
The automatic controls including sympathetic and parasympathetic This somatic controls
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What are the technical names for identical and fraternal twins
Identical twins are mono-zygotes Fraternal twins are di zygotes
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What is the difference between identical and fraternal twins
Identical twins are one egg and one sperm Fraternal twins are two eggs and two sperms
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What is the difference between sensation and perception
Sensations the process of receiving incoming sensory signals Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting the sensory information so it makes it
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Bottom up versus top down processing
Bottom-up is from sensory receptors to the brain Top-down is from the brain to the sensory preceptors which is more like expectation
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What is psychophysics
Study of the relationship between the physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience with them
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Absolute threshold
Minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
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Just noticeable difference
The lowest point where a change in the stimuli can be detected
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Weber's law
The difference between threshold is always in proportion to the size of the stimulus
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Attentions impact on our perception of the world
Selective attention ; paying attention to what you want to Inattentional blindness ; failure to detect major things Change blindness Sensory adaption; increases sensitivity to the most important information
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What is the binding problem it was important
How and where does our brain put the pieces together to make one unified whole
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Trichromatic theory versus opponent process theory
The eye has three different kinds of receptors; red green and blue Color receptors and I have opposite colors Red versus green Black versus white Blue versus yellow
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Blindsight
In some individuals the brain doesn't register sensory information consciously but you can still see
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Soundwaves
Amplitude determines volume Frequency determines pitch
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What sound frequencies can we hear
20-20,000 Hz
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Why do we have two ears
Location of sounds 3-D hearing allows us to locate were sounds are coming from
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Sensory interaction
Interactions with smell and touch to enhance flavor
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Why do we have a good memory for Smell
Brain region for Smail is closely connected with the brain reading that involves memory which is the limbic system
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For specific senses of touch
Pressure warm cold pain
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Gestalt Principles
When given a cluster sensations people tend to organize them into a meaningful whole
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Stages of sleep in difference
Stage one; like stage of sleep lasting about 515 minutes when your brain actively powers down by 50% or more produces theta waves Stage two; brain waves slow down even more... But sudden burst of electrical activity sleep spindles Stages 3-4; extremely short duration in stage III usually only a couple of minutes long stage four is our deepest level of sleep produces delta waves
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Stage five
REM sleep internally the bodies raging the brainstem is blocking messages from the motor cortex this is where dreams happen
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How do drugs impact consciousness
Can cause hallucinations lucid dreams no impact on what is being sensed just how it is perceived
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