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TC 101: Ch. 2
Payne Fund Studies |
75% of films focus on love, sex, crime
No connection with negative media effects on people
First media study |
People's Choice Study |
Used control group method on president campaign
Media contributed to reinforcement |
Limited Effects |
Joseph Klapper believed that media had little to no effects on people |
War of Worlds |
1938
1.7 million people thought true
1.2 were scared
Media has/had strong effect on people |
Legacy of Fear |
Media effects pervert and upset social order |
Selective Exposure |
People only watch things that they agree with
Goes with limited effects |
Uses and Gratifications |
Reasons for it:
Learn
Habit
Companionship
Arousal
Relaxation
Escape
Pass Time
Social Interaction |
Multi-Step Flow Model |
People are influenced by opinion leaders |
Social Learning Theory |
People learn from watching others
Ex: Bobo Study |
CUltivation Theory |
Heavy TV watchers think what is on TV is in reality |
Priming |
Things in media make you thinks of something related to it |
Catharsis |
watching media can reduce feelings of anger
research was disregarded because of false reactions |
Critical Perspectives |
Judge media through humane perspectives |
Ceiling Effect |
Statistical Pattern |
Magic Bullet Theory |
Media can influence a large group of people by sending them a uniformly and direct message |