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BS 162: Final
Meiosis |
A series of orderly events in which the nucleus undergoes two divisions followed by division of the rest of the cell, resulting in daughter cells that are genetically not alike and also genetically different from their parent cell
|
Hypotheses vs. Theory |
Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power |
Epistasis |
This genetic interaction,_____, means that the phenotypic expression of a gene at one locus alters the expression of a gene at a second locus. Your book discusses an exa of this involving the coat color of Labrador retrievers. |
Interphase, prophase I |
Point mutations specifically occur in ___; while crossing over of chromosomes may occur in ____. |
34% |
In the Beta DNA of an organism, 16% of the bucleotides have cytosine. Knowing this, what percentage does thymine with its nucleotides make up of this organism? |
Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted in significant changes in whale forelimb morphology |
diverging from common ancestor |
DNA ligase |
Binds DNA fragments together |
False |
T/F
Macroevolution occurs at the taxonomic level of species or below, and also refers to changes in teh frequency of one or more alleles in a species population |
Mutations are always detrimental in their effects |
False statement about mutations occurring in multicellular organisms |
True |
T/F
In translation, tRNAs with their anticodons bring amino acids to a ribosome where the bases of tRNA attach to bases (codons) of mRNA; and in this process, amino acids carried by the tRNAs are bonded together in a specific sequence to form a polypeptide that forms a protein |
base pairs are always in a definite sequence and show no variation |
falso statment about the Theory of DNA structure and replication |
False |
The 2 ends of each nucleotide strand f the DNA molecule are called the 5' and the 3'; the original DNA strands are parallel; and primase is involved in forming the RNA primer and DNA polymerase III |
Sperm |
a human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is a ___ |
False |
Dr. muzzall discussed the sexual comp theory and food competition theory in explaining how long necked giraffes evolved.
T/F He believed that only the food comp theory is the correct one |
Controlled experiment |
tests experimental and control groups in parallel |
Recessive allele |
the best term that matches the statement has no effect on phenotype in a heterozygote is ____ |
Ribosome |
type of protein that controls the speed/rate at which chemical reactions occur within and between cells without them being used up is a(n) ___ |
false |
mendel's law of independent assortment states that there is an equal probability that either one of a pair of genes will independently assort into a given gamete when one pair of chromosomes is involved |
Convergent evolution |
two or more species or groups of organisms that are not closely related evolve similar structures due to similar selection pressures |
False |
Balanced polymorphism is involved in constructing a phylogenetic tree to choose the one that represents the fewest evolutionary changes, either in DNA sequences or morphological characteristics |
Archaea |
prokaryotic and unicellular, circular chromosomes, DNA associated with histones, glycerol bonded to branched fatty acids, distinct lipids in cell walls, and several RNA polymerases |
Excavata |
Different flagella present, modified mitochondria or lack mitochondria, have a feeding groove; soem are parasites, otehrs are predators, others are photosynthetic; examples are diplomonads, parabasilids, and euglenozoans |
False |
Extreme halophiles live in very hot environments, methanogens occur in very salty environments and thermophiles live in the guts of mammals |
It defines what genotype frequencies should be if evolutionary mech. are not occurring |
What sense is the Hardy-weinberg principle a null hypothesis, similar to the control treatment in an experiment? |
Adaptation |
A heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual with that trait compared with indviduals without that trait, in a certain environment, is called a_____ |
False |
T/F Clines are defined as groups of distinct phenotypes of a species in different habitats |
Founder Effect |
refers to a small population that branches off from a larger population and is not genetically representative of the larger population |
Random genetic drift and inbreeding |
2 most important factors in the loss of genetic variability |
False |
False statement about speciation:
this speciation is the splitting of a species population or a species by the formation of a geographical barrier |
Haploid spores |
In plants, which of the following steps are produced by meiosis? |
false |
T/F the endosperm of the seed that is 2n is formed from the ovule of the female reproductive system of a monocot
|
gametophyte stage is diploid |
which statement is false about the alternations of generations in plants |
they have four-chambered hearts |
which statement is false about amphibians |
chytridiomycota |
fungal parasite |
False |
T/F in the evolutionary sequence of animals, pseudocoelomates evolved before acoelomates and coelomates; and bilaterally symmetrical animals evolved before radially symmetrical animals |
Soredia |
dispersal stages consisting of one or more photosynthetic cells surrounded by fungal hypha(e) are called |
False |
T/F The fossils of Tktaalik roseae represent the evolutionary link between the early reptiles and the early birds |
Pollen are formed in the stigma |
which statement is false about the floral organs and other structures of a eudicot? |
Alternation of generations |
Is NOT a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other plants |