AST 105: Final
45 Cards in this Set
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Age of the Universe
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14 billion years. we know this because we took Distance to farthest galaxies divided by recessional velocity.
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Alan Guth
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developed the idea of INFLATION which solved the problem of how the universe on a large scale would have a fairly uniform temp.
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Big Bang Theory
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idea that the universe was a hot dense object of pure energy and then drastic outward expansion occurred thus the Big Bang Theory.
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"Big Crunch"
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-gravity halts expansion and reverses it
-the universe collapses in on itself
-returns to a hot, concentrated point
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Blazars
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compact quasar associated with supermassive black holes at the center of active giant elliptical galaxies.
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Clusters
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collections of glaxies
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Superclusters
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grouping of several clusters of galaxies into a larger, but not necessarily gravitationally bound unit
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Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR)
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discovered by Penzias and Wilson. they are perfectly isotropic( intensity is the same in all directions.) it is microwave radiation that is found everywhere and is left over from the BB.
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The Cosmological Constant
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Introduced by Einstein to keep the universe in a "steady state".
-Works as an anti-gravity force.
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Cosmological Redshift
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-The wavelength shift we see from distant galaxies
-A product of an expanding universe
-Longer wavelengths detected
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Cosmology
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study of the universe: it's origin, it's current structure and ultimately its fate. it's framework is Einstein's theory of General Relativity
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Dark Engery
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we can't see it. origins: virtual pairs which produce repulsive energy and thus Dark Energy is responsible for the expansion of the Universe
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Dark Matter
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Makes up most of the Universe, is invisible and glues everything together
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doppler redshift
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objet is moving away from earth
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Edwin Hubble
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used doppler redshift to determine that the universe is expanding
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Electromagnetic Force
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binds electrons to nucleus and forms atoms
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Electroweak Theory
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Unites electromagnetism and the weak nuclear forces
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Steven Weinberg
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figured out the interaction of electromagnet and weak forces
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Four Fundamental Forces
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gravity, electromagnetism, weak and strong
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Galactic collisions
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Galaxies close together collide, form elliptical galaxies
galaxy clusters dominated by a single larger elliptical galaxy
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General Relativity
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Ruv-1/2Rguv+Λguv=8(pie)G/C4*Tuv
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Force of Gravity
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Responsible for binding any object that has mass
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Elementary Particle physics or High Energy Physics
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The study of particles that comprise the basic building blocks of the universe; for example the particles that make up the nucleus and particles such as electrons.
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Length Scales
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orders of magnitude
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What is the Hubble Flow?
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Distant galaxies are all moving away from us, with speed increasing with increasing distance
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Hubble's Constant
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Ho=-75km/s/MPC
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Hubble's law
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The observation that the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away
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Inflation
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moments after the BB the universe rapidly expanded. because of the rapid expansion everything fit inside the Horizon Distance.
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Lawernce Krauss
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First to suggest Dark Energy
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Local Group
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collection of a few dozen galaxies
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matter dominated universe
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the era when the ratio of matter to energy greatly favored matter
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radiation-dominated universe
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Early epoch in the universe, when the density of radiation in the cosmos exceeded the density of matter.
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multiverse
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a collection of independent universes
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A parallel universe is
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another universe that exists separate from the space of our universe.
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Quintessence
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when we force quantum theory onto General Relativity it produces and effect that allows for a variable vacuum Energy Density
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recessional velocity
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Hubble Law
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Richard Feynman
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Famous physicists said everything is made of atoms
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Feynman Diagrams
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pics off the mathematical behavior of subatomic particles.
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Strong Force
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responsible for binding quarks to form neutrons and protons that then bind together to form nuclei of atoms
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Superstrings
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the leading framework for Quantum Gravity. Quantum Theory of Gravity is needed to describe the inner structure near the singularity of a black hole
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String Theory, M Theory or Brane Theory:
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Theory that interprets all particles and forces in terms of particular modes of vibration of submicroscopic strings
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Tully-Fisher relation
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A relation used to determine the absolute luminosity of a spiral galaxy. The rotational velocity, measured from the broadening of spectral lines, is related to the total mass, and hence the total luminosity.
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Tully and Fisher's law
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relationship between a spiral galaxy's luminosity and velocity
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Vacuum Energy
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-property of empty space it is excited above its normal energy state
-the appearance of this may be responsible for periods of inflation during the early universe
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Weak Force
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force that converts a down quark in to and up quark. explains Neutron Decay
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AST 105: Final