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Study Guide: Exam 2
Mammary gland |
Source of milk for offspring; the breast. |
Alveoli |
A rounded or oblong-shaped cavity present in the breast |
Secretory cells |
Cells in the milk gland that secrete milk components into the ducts |
Myoepithelial cells |
Specialized cells line the alveoli and contract to cause milk to be secreted into the duct |
Oxytocin |
Hormone produced during letdown which causes milk to be ejected into ducts |
Lactiferous sinuses |
Larger ducts for storage of milk |
Lobes |
Rounded structures of mammary gland |
Lactogenesis |
The production of milk |
Prolactin |
Hormone that stimulates milk production |
Hormones that increase in pregnancy |
Estrogen and progesterone |
Colostrum |
First milk (thick, yellow) produced during lactogenesis st. 2, higher in protein and electrolytes, lower in CHO and fat. 580-700 kcal/L; 2-10 mL (1.5-2 tsp) per feeding |
Calories in Breastmilk |
0.65kcal/mL, 20kcal/oz, |
Calories from fat in Foremilk |
40-60% |
Calories from fat in Hindmilk |
60-80% |
DHA |
Omega-3 EFA. Essential for retinal development and high IQs |
Protein in Breastmilk |
0.32 g/oz |
Dominant CHO in BM |
Lactose- enhances calcium absorption |
Oligosaccharides role |
Medium-length CHO. Prevent binding of pathogenic microorganisms to gut, which prevents infection and diarrhea |
1st Month Milk Demand |
600mLdaily |
4-5 Month |
750-800 mL daily |
Feeding Frequency |
10-12 feedings per day |
neonatal jaundice |
high bilirubin levels as baby breathes outside womb which can yellow tissues |
Full-term infant |
Infants born between 37-42 weeks of gestation |
Pre-term infant |
Infants born < 37 weeks |
Infant mortality |
death that occurs within the first year of life |
Biggest contributors to infant mortality |
Low birth weight, congenital malformations, SIDS |
Time infants signal wants/needs |
After 4-6 weeks |
Low Birth Weight |
< 2500 g or <5 lbs 8 oz at birth |
Very Low Birth Weight |
<1500 g or <3 lbs 5 oz at birth |
Extremely Low Birth Weight |
<1000 g or < 2lb 3oz at birth |
kcal needs for Low Birth weight infants |
Range 95-165 kcal/kg (up to 180 for ELBW) |
Gross motor skills |
Development and use of large muscle groups. Such as walking alone, running, walking up stairs |
Fine motor skills |
Development and use of smaller muscle groups. Such as stacking objects, scribbling, and copying shapes |
Period for language development |
18-24 months |
Food jag |
Wanting or desiring the same type of food, or the same preparation of a particular food over time |
Iron deficiency anemia |
Causes long-term delays in cognitive development, and behavioral disturbances |
Preventing Anemia |
Children 1-5 years drink no more than 24 oz of milk each day |
Average annual growth of Middle Schoolers |
7lb, 2.5 in |
Adiposity rebound or BMI rebound |
Increase in percent body fat that corresponds with the body preparing for the adolescent growth spurt (around 6yrs) |
Self-efficacy |
The knowledge of what to do, and the ability to do it |
Dietary fiber |
Complex carbs found mostly in
the plant cell wall. Body does not have enzymes to break down |