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CHEM 2080: Prelim 1
1 atm = ? Torr = ? Psi
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760 Torr = 14.7 psi
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When using concentrations, what reactants cannot be used?
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Solids |
Define work
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transfer of energy involves the action of a force through a distance
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Define heat
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occurs when there is a temperature difference between system and surroundings
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Define enthalpy
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energy required to contract or expand against a constant external pressure
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Properties of molar enthalpy
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state function and additive
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Define standard molar enthalpy of formation
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the enthalpy change for the equation in which one mole of a compound is formed at one-bar in stable forms of elements
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Define heat capacity
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energy in the form of heat required to raise the temperature of the sample by one degree
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Define specific heat capacity
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energy in the form of heat required to raise the temperature of a mass of a sample by one degree
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Define half-life
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the time it takes for one-half of a quantity of a reactant to react
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The rate of reactants colliding correspond to…
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the concentration dependence
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The probability of having enough energy to react corresponds to…
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temperature dependence
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To maximize the rate of reaction, maximize the…
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rate of A-B collisions
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The rate of A-B collisions is proportional to the…
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concentrations of A + B
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Molecular energy diagrams are used to represent…
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the total energy of the molecule
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The total energy of the molecule is constant unless…
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there is energy transfer
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Potential energy is stored…
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in bond
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The kinetic energy is the…
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veolcity
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Define activation energy
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Minimum energy needed for reaction
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Temperature controls…
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the average speed of molecules
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If work is positive…
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system gains energy e.g. compression
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If work is negative…
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system loses energy e.g. expansion
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If heat is positive…
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heat is transferred from the surroundings to the system
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positive heat is what kind of reaction?
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endothermic
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If heat is negative…
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system releases heat into the surroundings
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negative heat is what kind of reaction?
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exothermic
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State functions depend on…
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the state of a system, not the pathway it took
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State functions
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Enthalpy and energy
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Pathway functions
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q and w
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A bomb calorimeter has a fixed…
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volume
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No work is done in a…
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bomb calorimeter
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All monatomic gases have a Cp of…
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20.8 J/(mol K) at 25 degrees celsius
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Regarding the size of the molecule and heat capacity, what features do polyatomic molecules have?
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The larger the molecule, the more it can move, this the higher heat capacity
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The half-life of a second-order reaction depends on…
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initial concentration
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Define an intermediate species
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does not appear in the overall equation for the reaction
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An intermediate species is produced…
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in one step and consumed in the next
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Bimolecular reactions include…
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two molecules
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Termolecular reactions include…
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three molecules
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Unimolecular reactions include…
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one molecule
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Temperature has a huge effect on…
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rate of reaction
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Within a piston, heat does not change…
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pressure within the system
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If the piston rises, work is…
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negative
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In a piston, there is constant…
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pressure
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For a piston, some energy can be released to…
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surroundings as work
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In a bomb, there is no…
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work
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If no work can be done, heat is transferred to…
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the hand
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In a graph, the reaction rate is calculated from…
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the absolute value of a slope of concentration vs. time
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If the graph of concentration change is straight, than the rate of reaction = …
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k
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If a graph of concentration change is straight, than the rate of reaction is independent of….and what order?
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Concentration and zero order
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For rate laws, the number of experiements needed to determine the rate law is equal to…
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the number of unknowns in the equation
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To determine the order of the reaction, graph…
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the change in concentration against time
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Concentration-independent half-life implies…
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a first order reaction
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Highest rate corresponds to…
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highest number of collisions
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When rate is independent of concentration, doubling the concentration should not effect…
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the rate
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Pressure can be substituted for…
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concentration
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In a piston, make sure to check….
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weights on the piston
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heat of formations is subject to…
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coefficients
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Equation to plot time against reaction rate
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... |
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... |
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To find α and β for experiments that don't have 1 constant concentration
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Rate1/[A]α1[B]β1 = Rate2/[A]α1[B]β2
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Plot of 1/[A] is linear for...
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a second-order reaction
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Units of k for a first-order reaction is...
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1/h
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log ax = ...
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x log a
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ln(a/b) = ...
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ln a - ln b
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units of work
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Joules (kg⋅m2/s2)
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Units of heat (q)
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Joules (kg⋅m2/s2)
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Units of ΔHrxn
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Joules (kg⋅m2/s2)
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Units of ΔUrxn
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Joules (kg⋅m2/s2)
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Molar gas constant, R = ...
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8.3145 m2⋅kg/(s2⋅K⋅ mol)
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Δνgas = ...
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(sum of coefficients of gaseous products) - (sum of coefficients of gaseous reactants)
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Units of ΔH°rxn
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kJ/mol
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units of cp
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J/K
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units of Cp
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J/(mol⋅K)
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units of csp (specific heat capacity)
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J/(g⋅K)
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Units of Ea
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J/mol
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