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PSY 100: Final
Correlation
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the relationship between two variables
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Frontal Lobe
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judgement, planning, self control, generated movements and speech production
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Parietal Lobes
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receives sensory input for touch and body position
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Occipital Lobe
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visual processing, visual cortex-assembles visual input into meaningful info
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Temporal Lobe
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Auditory processing, auditory cortex- processes auditory info
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Serotonin
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mood, sleep, hunger, arousal
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Broca's Area
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left hemisphere, frontal lobe(motor area) damage: cant produce speech
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Wernicke's Area
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Left hemisphere, temporal lobe(auditory cortex) Damage: cant comprehend speech
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Threshold
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Point where you can actually detect something
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Depressants
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alcohol, barbiturates, opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions.
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Effects of Depressants
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slower neural processing, memory disruption, reduce self-awareness and self control
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Stimulants
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Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy and meth that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
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Hallucinogens
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Psychedelic drugs, LSD that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory imput
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Transduction
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conversion of one form of energy into another
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Classical conditioning
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Passive learning, natural learning, respondent behavior
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Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
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Stimulus that naturally triggers a response
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Unconditioned Response (UCR)
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naturally occurring response to UCS
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Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
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The originally neutral stimulus (NS) that comes to trigger a conditioned response
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Conditioned Response (CR)
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The learned response to a previously neural stimulus (CS)
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Operant Conditioning
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Active learning: reinforcement/ punishment
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Positive Reinforcement
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addition of a desirable stimulus
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Negative Reinforcement
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Removal of an aversive stimulus
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Positive Punishment
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Addition of an aversive stimulus
ex: spanking
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Negative Punishment
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Removal of a desirable stimulus
Ex: DUI, getting grounded
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Implicit Memory
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Memory for procedures and skill acquisition
ex: driving a car
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Explicit Memory
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Memory for facts and experiences
Ex: first kiss
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Where are long term memories stored?
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Cerebellum, basal ganglia, hippocampus, cortex
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If you destroyed hippocampus...
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You would loose ability to transfer short term memories to long term memories
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Retrograde Amnesia
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Inability to recall the past
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Anterograde Amnesia
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Inability to form new memories
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ID
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pleasure principle, immediate gradification
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Ego
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Reality principle, seeks to satisfy the "id" in a realistic way, balances id and superego
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Superego
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Moral principle, seeks internalized ideal's
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Prejudice
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unjustified or incorrect ATTITUDE towards an human based on the individual's membership of a social group
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Discrimination
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the BEHAVIOR or actions towards a human or group of humans based on sex/race/ social class, etc.
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Sterotype
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a fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people
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Hierarchy of needs: Physiological
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breathing, food, water
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Hierarchy of needs: Safety
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security of body, employment, resources
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Hierarchy of needs: Love/Belonging
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friendship, family, sexual intimacy
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Hierarchy of needs: Esteem
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Self-esteem, confidence, achievement
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Hierarchy of needs: Self-Actualization
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morality, creativity, problem solving
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Self- Serving Bias
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Readiness to perceive ourselves favoribly
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Conformation Bias
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Search for evidence that supports our theory and ignore evidence that suggests otherwise
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Korsakoff's Syndrom
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Symptoms: Amnesia, confabulation
Causes: Alcoholism, Thiamine deficiency
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Alzheimer's
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Symptoms: Confusion, forgetting, paranoia
Causes: Unknown, genetics
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Parkinson's Disease
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Destruction of dopamine producing cells
Symptoms: Shaking, muscle rigidity, slow movements
Causes: Unknowns
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Huntington's Disease
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Symptoms: Chorea-jerky body movements, loss of coordination, slowed movements
Causes: Entirely genetic
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Physical Cause
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Can be diagnosed, can be treated, often curable
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Depression
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5 or more of the following for more than 2 weeks:
Depressed most of day,loss of interest,weight loss/gain, sleep change, loss of energy, feeling worthless, reoccurring thoughts of death
Women are twice as vulnerable
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Bipolar Disorder
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Alternations between depression and mania. Less need for sleep, racing thoughts, racing speech, reckless behavior. Mania last longer than depression
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Causes for Mood Disorders
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Neurotransmitters: decreased serotonin
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Cycle of Depression
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1. Stressful experiences
2. Negative explanatory style
3. Depressed mood
4. Cognitive and behavioral changes
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Schizophrenia
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A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking
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Symptoms of Schizophrenia
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Delusions, word salad, hallucinations
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD)
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persistant and free floating tense, worried and uneasy feelings
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Panic Disorder
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Recurrent, extreme intense anxiety attacks
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Panic Attack
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Minutes long intense fear that something bad is going to happened
Symptoms: irregular heartbeat, chest pain, shortness of breath, choking, trembling
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Phobias
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Persistent, irrational, aviodance of a feared thing
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
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Obsessions: Unwanted, repetitive thoughts
Compulsions: actions or rituals, focus on germs, precision, counting
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PTSD
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anxiety lasting for at least 4 weeks after severely threatening, uncontrollable event
Symptoms: intense anxiety, flashbacks, nightmares, social withdrawal
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
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2 or more distinct identities that alternate control.
Different voices
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
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Lack of conscience, sometimes aggressive, fearless behavior
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Characteristics of addiction
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obsession, loss of control, negative consequence, denial
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Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
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weight less than 85% of healthy standard, fear of fat/weight gain, distorted body image
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Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
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Objective binge episodes, body shape and weight disturbances
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Binge Eating Disorder (BED)
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Objective binge episodes, loss of control, distress surrounding bingeing
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