GEOG 1982: India
48 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
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Varanasi
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-one of the oldest cities in the world
-extremely important in Hinduism & Buddhism
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Mumbai
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mostly very wealthy, except Dharavi (huge slum)
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Baluchistan, Punjab, Kashmir, Sindh, Karachi
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-border of Pakistan
-enemies of India
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Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh)
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site of conflict where mosque was destroyed by BJP
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Punjab & Kashmir
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-border b/w India & Pakistan (Radcliffe line) goes through both
-divided region by Muslim & Hindu
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Kashmir
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-majority Muslim
-leader is Hindu
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economy
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still much more state run than Chinese government
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what countries resulted in the division of British colonies in South Asia in 1948?
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-East Pakistan (1971- became Bangladesh)
-West Pakistan
-Punjab
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1947 partition of British colonies and vast population movements
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border drawn between Muslim West Pakistan and Hindu India
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consequence of partition?
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1 million dead
17 million refugees
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why is there a conflict over Kashmir?
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-couldn't decide whether to be part of India or Pakistan
-majority Muslim, leader decided to go to India
-Pakistan/India war - India now controls 3/4 of Kashmir
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Line of Control in Kashmir
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-established by UN
-separated East India from West Pakistan
-most territory on Indian side of control
-many attacks on Indian forces in Kashmir by people who believed Pakistan should have control
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1971 Pakistan division
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East Pakistan & India VS. West Pakistan
-established sovereign, independent state of Bangladesh
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Mughal (Mogul) Empire
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-Northern India
-spread Muslim
-brought centralized government to India
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Dalit (untouchable) caste
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-caste system was abolished, still imbedded in society
-gov - affirmative action (most successful in urban areas)
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what is considered that highest caste?
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Brahmin
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Dharavi
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"entrepreneurial slum"
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Northwest Frontier Provinces
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-1 of 4 formal provinces of Pakistan
-"Khyber Pakhtunkhwa"
-includes Pashtun people & Kyhber pass
-open land, mountains on both sides to contain
-tribal areas, frontier, not as much direct state control
-created by British as buffer between Afghanistan & British colonies
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Radcliffe commission 1947
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-split Pakistan into W and E
-failed as boundary
-succeeded as providing political cover to all sides
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Federally Administered Tribal Areas
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-colonial times
-original 7 villages scattered through mountains were given special status
-Waziristan (N & S) biggest & most prominent
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Muslim states in South Asia
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-most of Indonesia
-Malaysia
-Brunei
-S Philippines
-S Thaliand
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1947 partition of South Asia
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Radcliffe Commission (Pakistan & East Pakistan - Bangladesh)
-creation of Indo-Pakistani boundary
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exclave
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piece of land which is politically attached to a larger piece but not physically conterminous with it because of surrounding foreign territory
-Bangladesh & India
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India-Pakistan balance of power
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-both nuclear powers
-what happens between them affects the whole world
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Separatism & fundamentalism as challenges to India's democracy
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1. Hindutva
-Hindu nationalism (can be considered fundamentalist in extreme form, BJP party)
2. Naxalites
-Maoist/communist rebels-fight throughout SE India
-claim to fight on behalf of poor
-country's greatest threat
3. Sikhs
-dominant religion in Punjab region (neither Hindu/Musl…
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Events of Ayodhya 1992
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-crowd of Hindu volunteers destroyed mosque in India
-trying to reclaim land
-built temple on top of that
-indicative of potential direction India is going
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Bharatiya Janata Party
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-Hindu practice
-liberal in economic matters
-higher-caste dominated
-strongly oppose Pakistan
-in favor of nuclear India
-non-aligned, leans toward Russia as balance
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Modi
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destroyed a mosque & built temple on top
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what kind of India does the BJP want?
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Hindu national party
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what kind of India does congress want?
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Ghandi's multiethnic vision of India
-civic nationalism
-Nehru: strong beliefs in democracy & secular government
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who is probably going to win the upcoming elections?
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BJP
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Hindutva
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-Hindu extremism
-intolerance against non-Hindus
-guiding agenda for BJP
-based on nationalism
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neoliberalism
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-economic philosophy that took off in 80s/90s in developing countries
-in order to pay off debts, countries asked to reduce gov spending on education, etc; open up to free trade/investment
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India & neoliberalism
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-early 90s
-boom in tech industry
-rash of farmer suicides
-move away from subsistence agriculture to cash crops for global market (like cotton)
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how did neoliberalism affect the Hindu growth rate?
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massive economic growth
-mainly helped those already at the top
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India's "silicon plateau" (Bangalore)
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nation's leading information technology (IT) exporter
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ethnic groups in Pakistan
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-Punjabi
-Muhajir
-Pathan
-Sindhi
-Saraiki
-Balochi
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Significance of NWFP-tribal areas
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-drone strikes
-formerly safe haven for Taliban and Al Qaeda
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what did East Pakistan do to try to gain more democracy?
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joined India to fight West Pakistan
|
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what was East Pakistan renamed?
|
Bangladesh (1971)
-now issue of Pakistan/Indian control
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Pakistan's 4 major ethnic groups and their locations
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Balochis: far west
Sinds: southeast
Punjabs: northeast
Pashtuns: northwest
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Sinds
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southeast
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Punjabis
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northeast
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Pashtuns
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northwest
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Balochis
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southwest
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conservative religious attitudes in Pakistan
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-women's religious duty to wear veil
-women should not vote
-no music
-pray 5x a day
|
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Durand line
|
-1893
-bisects Pashtun region
-based on geographical & military lines, not cultural
-established Afghanistan as buffer zone between British controlled India & Russia
|
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Drone strikes
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-NW Frontier with Afghanistan
-2010 CIA operated drones: killed militants in N Waziristan; Taliban retaliated
-Pakistan: tribal areas (Bin Laden killed here)
-region controlled by Taliban
-Pakistani gov doesn't take control these areas as much as possible
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GEOG 1982: India