Study Guide: Exam 1
49 Cards in this Set
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13th Ammendment
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outlaws slavery & involuntary servitude
destroys Southern economy
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14th Ammendment
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national citizenship to former slaves
prohibited denying rights to citizens w/o due process of law
denied former Confederates to hold office
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15th Ammendment
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prohibited denial of suffrage due to race, color, or previous condition of servitude
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Aldebert Ames
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served as a Union Army general during the Civil War
Radical Republican & Carpetbagger
Military governor, Senator and civilian governor in Reconstruction in Mississippi
US Army general during the Spanish-American War
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Alexander Manly
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AA newspaper editor in N. Carolina
Wilmington Daily Record- only AA owned newspaper at the time
denounced lynching & anit-black scare tactics during 1898 elections
his office was destroyed in the Wilmington Race Riot where he was forced to flee
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American Federation of Labor (AFL)
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founded by Samuel Gompers
focused on skilled workers & labor
declared war w/ Knights of Labor
didn't defend unskilled workers, women or immigrants
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Assimilation
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promotes assimilation of culture & ethnic minorities into dominant culture
often referred to immigrants moving into new land
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Black Codes
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laws passed by Southern legislators for former slaves
limited black's political, social, & economic mobility
labor contracts within blacks & whites were mandated & regulated
Could:
legally marry other blacks, sue & be sued, purchase property w/ restrictions
Couldn't:
vote, hold off…
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Bull Moose Party
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Progressive Party of 1912
formed by President Theodore Roosevelt after Republican Party split between him & W. Taft
became disappointed in Taft's conservative policies & created party
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Carlisle Indian Industrial School
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school for Indian children to Americanize
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Chinese Exculsion Act
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no Chinese laborers can legally come to US for 10yrs under penalties of imprisonment & deportation
permanent aliens
1st restriction on immigration
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Compromise of 1877
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Republican Rutherford B. Hayes wins election & ends Reconstruction
won with understanding of removal of troops where Republican support was essential to survive
many white Republicans also left & Democrats took their control "Redeemers"
construction of transcontinental RR to help Sout…
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Coxy's Army
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protest march by unemployed worker's of US during time of depression in 1894
people wanted more federal government
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Crop-lien System
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Credit system used by farmer's in the South
merchants provided food & supplies all year long on credit; when the cotton crop was harvested farmers turned it over to the merchant to pay back their loan
merchants would charge farmers interset since they themselves had to borrow $ to buy…
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Dawe's Act
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aka: General Allotment Act
Designed to encourage break up of tribes & for them all to unite in divided lands for Indian
to assimilate Indians into American society
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De Facto &/or De Juro Segregation
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De Facto- in practice but not offical by law
-> racial discrimination & segregation
De Juro- concerns the law
-> segregation becomes law
-> "seperate but equal"
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Dred Scott
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Born into slavery
spent large time in free stat/territory
all blacks could NOT become US citizens
slaves are property
slaves could be taken to free territories but not become free
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Proclaimed freedom of slavery in Confederate states by Abraham Lincoln
not necessarily a law, but symbolic
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Eugene V. Debs
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Best known Socialist leader in US
several timed candidate of Socialist Party
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Farmer's Alliance
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organzied agraian economic movement for farmers
tried to end crop-lien
would send lecturers to speak words of encouragement
blamed rigged systems rather than themselves
Ocala Meeting Demands
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Free Silver
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Free coinage of silver rather than Gold Standard
cotton farmers in the South and the wheat farmers in the West were enthusiastic
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Gospel of Wealth
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Written by Andrew Carnigie
believed in giving wealth & not giving it as heirs
gave money to help people [not charities]
dying wealth is a disgrace
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Great Railroad Strike of 1877
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First national labor strike [start of labor unionization]
wage cuts, distrust of capitalists & poor working conditions led to a number of railroad strikes that prevented the trains from moving
no strikes in South; Reconstruction shifted to industrial/economic concern
start of rep…
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Haymarket Riot
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Striking for shorter work day & better pay
someone threw a bomb & police released fire [lots of dead/injured]
major crackdown on radical labor organizations
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Horizontal Integration
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John D. Rockerfeller's Oil Industry
buying out all rivals(monopoly)
single product gains control of market by forcing out all competitors
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Impediments to Voting
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Literacy tests
poll tax
Understanding Clause
Grandfather Clause
All-White Democratic Primary
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Knights of Labor
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One of the largest labor organizations
promoted the social and cultural uplift of the workingman, rejected Socialism and radicalism
8hr work days, end child labor & convict labor
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Mississippi Plan
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Devised by Democratics to overthrow Republicans by acts of violence & threats to suppress black voting in Mississppi
tried reversing Republican domination
stir up fear for blacks
Red Shirt violence & KKK became involved
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Muckracking
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Reform-minded journalists who wrote largely for popular magazines
writer who investigates and publishes truthful reports to perform an auditing or watchdog function
Upton Sinclair & the meat industry [lead to food & drug administration]
lots of study & research got done
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Municipal Housekeeping
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Women who believed that a woman’s place was in the home, her city
it's responsibility of women to keep their cities safe and clean
could use nurturing skills to clean society
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New Nationalism
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Theodore Roosevelt's plan [wealthy & educated should help others]
women suffrage
prohibition of child labor
min. wage for working women
8hr work day
stricter corporate regulation [Sherman Trust Act]
strong federal government led by an Activist
meat inspection [Pure Food & Drug Act]…
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New Freedom
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Woodrow Wilson's plan
economic opportunity & regulation, consumer saftely, individualism, states' rights, & middle-class values
no immigrant concerns
worked on segregation, worker's compensation & child labor regulations
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New York City Draft Riots
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Violent disturbances due to working-class discontent by Congress passing laws to draft men to fight Civil War
Irish men in particular who were low in social hiearchy & couldn't afford to pay for a subsitute such as the rich did
military troops had to control people
citizenship li…
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Ocala Demands
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Free coinage of silver graduated income tax
gov't regualation of RR immigration restrictions
sub-treasury 8hr work days
created Populist Party (farmer's & laborers)
Farmer's Alliance
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Omaha Platform
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Party program adopted by Populist Party in Nebraska
we seek to restore the government of the Republic to the hands of the plain people, with which class it originated.
financial crisis
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Panic of 1873
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Financial crisis
caused by the fall in demand for silver internationally
commenced Great Railroad Strike of 1877
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Platt Ammendment
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Essentially made Cuba a US colony
US had right to intervene to protect Cuban Independence
needed US consent to sign treaties
required to provide land for US military (99yr lease of naval base Guantanamo)
set up sanitation programs to protect their people & make island more attractive …
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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Separate but equal
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Presidential Reconstruction
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Andrew Johnson- Southern Democrat former slave-holder who opposed black suffrage; Pro-Union for state's rights; wanted to pardon Confederates if they took an oath of loyalty towards the Union; free slaves...that's all
Lincoln- 10% Plan: state can re-enter Union when 10% of voters in st…
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Radical Reconstruction
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Efforts made to get South back into the Union
Freedmen's Buruea
passing of 13th, 14th, 15th ammendments
blacks holding office
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Roosevelt Corollary
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Add on to Monroe Doctrine [end of colonization in W. Hemisphere]
US declares it's hold unilateral right to intervene in affairs of all W. Hemisphere countries
international police power
prepared to ensure that all W. nations act civilied
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Scalawags
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White Southerners who voted with Republican Party
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Sharecropping
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White land owners allowed black & poor whites to work for a share of their harvest
didn't work well because landowner would cheat works/ sense of supremacy
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Social Gospel
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applied Christian ethics to social problems
inequality, crime, liquor, racial tensions, bad hygiene, child labor, poor education & dangers of war
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Susan B. Anthony
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National Woman's Suffrage Association
Declaration of Rights (women's rights)
Anti-Slavey & Temperance
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Vertical Integration
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Andrew Carnegie's steel industry
company owns every aspect of an industry
rags to riches life for Carnegie
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White Man's Burden
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poem by Rudyard Kipling
mixed exhortation to empire with sober warnings of the costs involved, characterization for imperialism that justified the policy as a noble enterprise
rhetorical command to white men to colonize and rule other nations for the benefit of those people
propo…
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William Jennings Bryan
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enemy of Gold Standard
Free Silver
Anti-Imperialism
Trust busting
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Yellow Journalism
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sensationalized journalism
presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers
lavish use of pictures, or imaginary drawings
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Study Guide: Exam 1