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MIC 230: Motility
structure of flagella |
long proteinaceous filaments, semi-rigid, rotates like propellar |
energy source for flagella |
bacteria: proton motive force
archaea: ATP |
Flagella Arrangement |
A- Monotrichous- 1
B- Lophotrichous- many at one end
C- Amphitrichous-both ends
D- Peritrichous- many everywhere
-bilophotricous: many on both ends
|
Flagella Parts
|
Basal Body: Embedded in cell, anchor
Hook: Flexible link between basal body and filament, swivels, how the filament is attached to basal body
Filament: Hollow cylinder of flagellin |
random walk |
a combination of running and tumbling...NOT LINEAR, alternates |
Temporal sensing |
A mechanism of gradient sensing used by bacteria in which the concentration of an environmental chemical is compared to the concentration at some previous time. |
Chemotaxis |
movement of bacteria in response to environmental stimuli |
other motilities |
-GLIDING: movement on surface
-GAS VACUOLES: positioning mechanism, spindle in appearance, inflate with air so rises, terger pressure bursts which causes them to sink
-SPIROCHETAL: uses endoflagella, corkscrews, works well in mucus, only in spirochetes
-TWITCHING: pili, contract to drag cell |
fimbrae
|
used for attachment, shorter than flagella |
what composes the cytoplasm? |
small molecules
ribosomes/RNA
DNA
inclusion bodies
|
small molecules |
solutes (ions, amino acids, sugars) enzymes
ribosomes (70s, grainy)
|
ribosomes/RNA |
tRNA, mRNA, rRNA |
DNA |
closed circular molecule, supercoiled to fit in cell, some cells have plasmids (extra DNA, why resistant) |
inclusion bodies |
carbon and energy storage: carbon and energy(PHB large storage bodies glycogen and starch)
phosphate granules: refractile, energy storage
elemental sulfur
|
other inclusions |
magnetosomes: allows cells to orient to magnetic field
gas vacuoles |
Endospores |
highly differentiated cells resistant to heat, harsh, chemicals, and radiation
"dormant" stage of bacterial life cycle
-only present in some GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA
|
who makes endospores?? |
Clostridum, Bacillus |
purpose of endospores
|
protect genetic information |
resistant and endospores |
very protected to boiling, chemicals, heat, UV |
problems with endospores |
double cell membrane=hard to destroy
food spoilage
botulism
tetanus
|
structure of endospores |
double cell membrane
mother engulfs daughter cells |
life cycle?? |
vegetative-->developing spore-->sporulating cell-->mature sport
*survival/resting NOT REPRODUCTIVE
|