17 Cards in this Set
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Reasons the Cold War Ended
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1. Excessive defense spending - 300 billion in US
2. Economic problems in the USSR - planned economy/no private enterprises to invent
3.Declining Support for Soviet ideology
4.Rise of Gorbachev
5.Decline of Soviet Union
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Glasnost
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Implemented by Gorbachev; liberalization - allowing people to speak their mind and have civil liberties
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Perestroika
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Implemented by Gorbachev; restructure - economic in particular
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A New International System
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1.Military Unipolarity: US superpower
2.Economic Multipolarity:China & EU closing gap
3.Expanding Political Multipolarity: new actors, not sure how countries will vote
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Where is the International System Headed: Smith's Six Scenarios
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1.Global Hegemony for the US
2. Intensification of multipolarity-we have a lot of powers that arent clearely dominant anywhere
3.Clashes of Civilizations
4.Formation of rival blocs
5.North-South Divide
6.Continuing globalization
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Smith's Six Scenarios: Global Hegemony
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US both a military and economic power
Skepticism: US is big and strong, but China/India is bigger and growing at faster rates; US actually getting weaker
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Smith's Six Scenarios: Intensification of Multipolarity
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Not only is US and Europe powerful, but also China, Japan, Russia, India
Much more likely - we have a lot of powers that are not clearly dominant
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Smith's Six Scenarios: Clashes of Civilizations (Sam Huntington)
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Various groups in the world; Sam Huntington believed they would become hostile and war would occur between them
Skepticism: many more conflicts within the groups than between them
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Smith's Six Scenarios: Formation of rival blocs
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Not civilizations, the blocks would form trade areas and might have barriers to trade outside of the bloc
EU is an economic union with free trade within; US has free trade with Mexico and Canada
Skepticism: we cooperate with many other countries despite the blocs already formed
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Smith's Six Scenarios: North-South Divide
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Developed countries vs. developing countries
Skepticism: there have been efforts in developing worlds to unify together but generally failed or were ineffective; Developed countries are competitive with each other
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Smith's Six Scenarios: Continuing Globalization
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Likely! - National boundaries will matter less; Greater free trade - movement of goods/people/ideas across countries
HUGE in the last two decades particularly in economic realm
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One thing US depends on Latin America for
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Oil!
Majority comes from Venezuela, with whom we have a hostile relationship; Venezuela will commonly threat us with oil, however will never follow through since it would hurt them just as much
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U.S. - Latin American Relations at the end of the Cold War
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US had hegemony by default (No one wanted to compete); More influence in Central than South America; LA becomes more assertive using ties to USSR against US; EU was more focused on Eastern Europe which had been rendered poor under control of USSR
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US Economic Dominance of Latin America
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US is 5 times the size of LA; Economy also dwarfs; US is single largest trading partner of all Latin American nations; Also the region's foreign investor; US trade with LA is under 20%- LA trade with US is much higher ; 1/2 is trade with Mexico
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Problems in US-Latin American Policy after the Cold War
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1. end of war may lead to marginalization of the region
2. US policy increasingly balkanized
3. electoral politics may drive policy
4. US may focus exclusively on Mexico
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Six Main Issues
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1. Drugs
2. Immigration
3. Trade and Investment
4. Environment
5. Democracy and Human Rights
6. National Security
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Subregional Emphases of US Policy
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Mexico - Economics, border security, immigration, drugs
Caribbean and Central America - drugs, immigration, democracy
Andean Countries: Drugs and democracy
South Cone and Brazil: Economics, environmental issue
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Study Guide: Exam 2