PSYC 410: Introduction
19 Cards in this Set
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Nativism
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Knowledge is inborn or innate
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Rationalism
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Uses logic and reasoning to solve problems
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Empiricism
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Experience is needed
Environment helps us learn cause and effect
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Acquisition of knowledge
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Knowledge does not have to be conscious
Refers to observed change in behavior
Relatively permanent
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Two Ways to Measure Learning
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Physiological Report
Behavior
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Physiological report
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The way your body responds such as heart rate.
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Behavior Report
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Affective change: Attitude
Verbal report: Facts
Overt observation
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Is learning one-to-one?
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No
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Historical difference between learning and cognition
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Learning = Unconscious
Cognition = conscious recollection of experiences
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Actual difference between learning and cognition
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Learning = acquiring knowledge
Cognition = recalling/ knowledge (memory)
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Learning Curve
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x-axis = how many times you do something
y-axix=How strong you are at responding
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Keppel's Study
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Massed learning is good if information is going to be used immediately or within the hour. Otherwise, distributed learning is the ideal way to lear because it helps the information to be retained. Distributed learning happens over time.
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Massed Practice
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Learned word pairs --> Recalled word paring
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Distributed Practice
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Learned word pairs --> recalled word parings --> Learned word pairs--> Recall word parings
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Functional Approach
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Based on idea that people and animals adapt to their environment
Studies how learning and memory aid survival
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Behavioral approach
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Focuses on the observable
looks at the association between stimuli and behavior
Stimuli --> behavior --> Outcome
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Four approached to learning and memory
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Functional
Behavioral
Cognitive
Neuroscience
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Cognitive approach
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Assumes knowledge is represented in the mind
Still measured through behavior
Knowledge-->Transformation-->Storage-->Retrieval-->
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Neuroscience approach
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Uses biological basis for learning and memory
Usually combined with the other approaches
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PSYC 410: Exam 1 Part 3 Classical Conditioning