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STAT 371: Chapter 1 vocab
Statistics |
A method of describing and measuring aspects of nature from samples while quantifying the uncertainty of those samples. |
Estimation |
Inferring an unknown quantity of a target population with sample data to approximate the truth. |
Parameter |
A quantity describing a population. |
Null Hypothesis
|
Specific claim about population quantity. |
Population |
Entire collection of individuals/units a researcher is interested in |
Sample |
A small set of individuals drawn from population. |
Precision |
The spread of estimates resulting from sample error. |
Accurate |
unbiased |
Bias |
systematic discrepancy between estimates and true population characteristics |
Same of convenience |
A collection of individuals easily available to researcher. Undesireable |
Volunteer bias |
Bias from difference between volunteers and the population they are meant to represent |
Variable |
Any characteristic/measurement that differs from individual to individual |
Data |
Raw measurements of one or more variables made on sample |
Categorical Variable |
Describes something without using numbers. Nominal and Ordinal are the two types. |
Nominal |
Type of categorical variable. Categories have no inherent order. |
Ordinal |
Type of categorical variable. Can be ordered. |
Numerical Variable |
Describes something using numbers. The two types are continuous and discrete. |
Continuous |
A type of numerical variable. Can take on any real-number variable in some range. |
Discrete |
A type of numerical variable. Has indivisible units. |
Response variable |
dependent variable |
Explanatory variable |
independent variable |