SOC WORK 453: exam 3
49 Cards in this Set
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How do Tom and Adam describe their subjective experiences with topiramate?
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-reduced desire to start drinking
-reduced "unquenchable thirst" to continue drinking
-alcohol had less of an effect, no "buzz"
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What are the arguments for considering substance use disorder as a chronic medical illness?
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-similarities to chronic medical illnesses: diagnosis, heritability (50%) etiology (personal responsibility), pathopsychology (brain abnormalities)
-effective medication and behavioral treatments
-major benefit from continuing care; problems with treatment are similar (adherence proble…
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What are the advantages/disadvantages of considering substance use disorder a chronic medical illness?
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-change expectations of treatment
-insurance reimbursed
-inform research, follow long term progress
-normalize person responsibility
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-attention focused on most severe
-biological aspects emphasized over social, psychological, economic, etc
-label does not display optimism for…
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What are the types of medication intended to treat alcohol and how do they work?
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1. Disulfram: accumulates acetaldehyde, causing nausea, flushing, vomiting, begin after abstinence
2. Acamprosate: reduce withdrawal symptoms (insomnia/anxiety/discomfort) begin after abstinence
3. Naltrexone: block receptors involved with craving, decrease "high", better if started aft…
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When trying to encourage a family member with addiction to reduce their use, what communication strategies should be avoided?
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-nagging
-trying to protect user from consequences of use
-engaging in arguments when user is high
-being too tolerant of use
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What are issues raised by the Betty Ford's Consensus panel on recovery about the use of medications while in recovery? What is their position about the use of medication?
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-no consensus in the recovery field about whether medication-assisted abstinence is still considered recovery
-still included medication-assisted abstinence in recovery definition
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What is universal prevention?
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for entire population (community, school)
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What is unique about assessment in cognitive-behavioral treatment?
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-conduct a functional analysis of client, exploration of substance use in respect to its antecedents and consequences:
1. determinants (emotional, social, environmental, physical)
2. skills/resources that are lacking
3. skills/resources available
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What is the rationale for comprehensive needle exchange programs that provide wrap-around services?
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-reduce risk of disease
-draw users in and encourage treatment
-provide education
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What is a possible intervention to reduce someone's negative attitudes towards addiction problems?
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-education about actual causes of addiction
-increasing contact with people who have struggled with addiction
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What is the prevention paradox?
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-a small proportion of drinkers have severe alcohol use disorder; larger drinking population of "risky" drinkers actually incur the largest costs to society, because of their sheer number and accumulation of small individual costs
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What is primary prevention?
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-prevent use before it starts, targets young people
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What are some examples of stigma at the structural level?
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structural = resources
-lack of health care, insurance coverage
- drug convictions and restriction of students financial aid
-restriction of housing, employment, nutrition, and other benefits
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When should you NOT involve a significant other in substance abuse disorder treatment?
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-when there is extensive DV in the home
-when there is a restraining order against the abuser
-when there is cruel/destructive communication by family
-too much hostility to promote change
-family is unresponsive to therapy techniques
-family have drug/alcohol problems themselves tha…
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What are some critiques of harm reduction programs that are often presented by their opponents?
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-condones/enables risky behavior
-wrong messages to users and/or people considering using
-replacing one addiction for another
-attracts addicts and crime
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What are components of the social influence model?
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1. training in refusal skills (without being negative, just saying no)
2. public commitment/pledge
3. countering advertising (teaching critical analysis of ads)
4. normative education (countering "everyone is doing it" attitude)
5. use of teen leaders (role models/mentoring)
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What are housing options that might be a resource to people who are in recovery?
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-halfway houses: structured living environments (testing, duties, restrictions/privileges, employment)
-sober living houses: not as strict, requirement of 90 days sobriety, house mentor (connect house = women, aaron's house = men)
-informal arrangements: often with friends who meet in t…
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What are the steps to administering Naloxone to someone who has overdosed on heroin?
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1. check to see if they have OD symptoms (blue lips, unresponsive, unconscious)
2. turn on side and clear airway
3. turn on back, do rescue breathing
4. prep need, give injection- intramusuclar, thigh arm or ass
5. continue rescue breathing
6. once they gain consciousness, stay with …
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How is operant conditioning used and understood in cognitive-behavioral treatment?
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-situation/environment triggers thoughts, feelings, expectancies, which trigger substance use behavior
-condition response to stimuli (triggers) can be unlearned/diminished
1. functional analysis (assess sub. use)
2. modeling (how to refuse/avoid)
3. cognitive change (thought stopping…
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What is selective prevention?
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-for high risk groups within a population
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What are some characteristics of the Montana Meth Project? Was it effective?
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-provide knowledge of risk, massive and graphic media campaign to scare teens, exaggerate meth effects
- decrease in meth use, but this decline occured before the campaign; effectiveness of project is uncertain
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According to Cunningham, what are some public health concerns with conceptualizing alcohol use disorders as chronic relapsing conditions?
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-public health: redirects attention to those with severest disorder when majority of societal costs are by greater risky drinking population; could divert attention from prevention/taxation/legislation
-clinical practice: allocates resources to those with severest disorder instead of ser…
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What does Schomerus mean when he says that effective anti-stigma programs should "stand on two legs"?
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1. carry anti-stigma messages
2. carry messages that encourage prevention and treatment of alcohol dependence
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What are the most effective components of 12-step/AA programs that help achieve abstinence?
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-about 1/3 of abstinence attributed to change in social network to support abstinence
-about 1/3 attributed to change in social network to avoid substance use
-smaller portion relates self-efficacy to refuse and avoid drugs in social settings
-religion, other types of self efficacy not…
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What is tertiary prevention?
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-intervention, treatment, recovery
-aimed at people who have developed addiction problems
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What are pre-treatment factors that are associated with dropouts in self-help groups
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-non-African American backgrounds
-lower motivational readiness to reduce/stop behavior and use
-less belief in disease model of addiction
-lower degree of prior involvement in 12-step programs
-less attendance at religious services
-less social involvement
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What are Al-Anon and Alateen?
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-Al-Anon: for friends and family members of individuals with substance use disorder
-Alateen: for young people with family and friends with substance use disorders
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What are some examples of addiction stigma at the social level?
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-many people support public restrictions against people who have struggled with addiction(restrict ability to service in public office, manage own money)
-attitudes towards people with addiction are worse than those towards people with psychiatric conditions (unpredictable, dangerous, ir…
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What is the difference between cognitive strategies and behavioral strategies?
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-cognitive: recognize and manage thoughts, expectancies. emotions that contribute to behavior, identifying risky behavior
-behavioral: recognize and change the things that we DO that contribute to substance use, identify triggers
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What are some characteristics of DARE? Was this program effective?
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-trained police officers teach youth about harms of drugs, refusal skills, teen leaders, public commitment
-some component thought to be effective: self-esteem building, alternatives to drug use, decision making
-however, overall not effective
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What is a possible intervention to reduce someone's negative attitudes towards addiction?
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-education about actual causes of addiction
-increasing contact with people who have struggled with addiction
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What are some consequences of alcohol stigma at the individual level?
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-reductions in help seeking
-decreased likelihood of recovery
-lower perceived social support
-more social isolation
-psychiatric comorbidity
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What is indicated prevention?
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-for individuals who shows signs of problems
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What are the recovery-related programs available in the Madison community?
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-UT center for students in recovery
-next step recovery community @ pres house
-uw substance free house
-young people in recovery and live free student org
-recovery HS: horizon high school
-local resources in "young and sober" Isthmus article
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In family therapy, what strategies are taught to family member to encourage another family member to change or seek help for addiction?
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-assertive communication
-feedback on consequences of use
-facilitate negative consequences of use
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What are some names of harm reduction programs? What are they generally for?
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-methadone maintenance therapy
-opiate overdose prevention: stop OD detha
-needle exchange (chicago recovery alliance: stop spread of disease thru needle sharing
-"wet housing" (Housing First, Seattle) provide housing for homeless with substance use problems
-goals are to reduce level…
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What are the four central concepts to recovery? what do they generally entail?
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1. establish a supportive home environment (formal or informal, halfway house vs sober lving house)
2. maintain focus and desire for overall health
3. enrich personal life/ sense of purpose (job, school, volunteerism, family care-taking, creative endeavors, spirituality
4. make strong …
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What are some mutual helps programs? Which ones are widely available in the Madison area?
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-Women for Sobriety, SOS/LifeRing, SMART, Moderation Management and HAMS (harm reduction)
-meetings for SOS, SMART in Madison area
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What is the difference between externalizing and internalizing disorder?
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externalizing: problems generally characterized as being expressed "outside oneself", easily recognized behavior, high social pressure o intervene (ex: ADHD, antisocial personality disorder, substance use disorder)
internalizing:problems expressed within oneself, often under-diagnosed,…
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What is secondary prevention?
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-curtail further problematic or risky use; prevent addiction and disorder; aimed at persons who have used substances
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Self-medication hypothesis
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people use drugs to counteract psychiatric disorder; generally for anxiety disorders and use depressants (ex: social anxiety -> turn to alcohol/depressants)
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Supersensitivty model
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psychiatric drugs makes one more vulnerable to drugs, making drug have bigger effect (ex: bipolar -> cocaine, increases manic effects)
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common factors model
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one variable that predicts both psychiatric and substance use; ex: antisocial disorder
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bidirectional model
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ex: PTSD, after onset of PTSD, substance use, making PTSD worse, the substance use worse, etc. ; hasnt been studied much
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comorbidity
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Presence of 2 or more diagnose conditions in an individual; 50% of all people with substance use disorder have psychiatric problem b/c same neurotransmitters involved in both conditions
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internalized oppression
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identity exploration that results in applying negative attitudes in the social environment towards oneself
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perceived stigma
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when individuals come to expect that others will not accept their identity and that they will be devalued and rejected
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discrimination
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A negative action toward a social group or its members on account of group membership
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prejudiced events
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acts of discrimination; often violent
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SOC WORK 453: exam 3