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RP & SE 300: Midterm
exceptional |
a term used to describe an individual who deviates substantially from the norm |
disability |
a reduced capacity to perform certain tasks or a loss of function that interferes with normal growth and development; lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner considered normal |
handicap |
a problem a person with a disability encounters in interacting with the environment; impact or consequence of a disability |
at risk |
a term used to describe an individual who has a greater than usual chance of developing a disability |
handicapism |
the unequal and differential treatment experienced by those with a disability |
developmental delay |
a label that is defined by the state based on specific criteria and measurement procedures |
special education |
a customized instructional program designed to meet the unique needs of an individual learner |
related services |
professionals who complement the work of general and special educators |
category |
a label assigned to individuals who share common characteristics and features |
13 |
Q: How many categories of disability are there? |
noncategorical approach |
an approach that focuses on student needs and common instructional requirements instead of categories of exceptionality |
incidence |
a rate of inception, or the number of new instances of a disability occurring within a given time frame, usually a year |
Percentages (%) |
Q: How are incidence rates normally recorded? (Ratios? Percentages? Specific numbers?) |
Learning Disabilities (LD) |
Q: Which category of disabilities accounts for slightly less than half of all pupils with disabilities? |
self-contained |
a term used to describe special education classrooms in which students are typically grouped together and segregated from the other pupils |
collaboration |
a term used to describe how people work together; a style of interaction that professionals choose to use in order to accomplish a shared goal |
Individualized Education Program (IEP) |
Q: What does IEP stand for? (No actual definition due to the self-explanation of the term) |
consultation |
a focused, problem-solving process in which one individual offers expertise and assistance to another |
service delivery teams |
a group of individuals whose purpose and function are derived from a common philosophy and shared goals |
multidisciplinary |
an approach of service delivery teams that utilizes the expertise of professionals from several disciplines, each of whom usually performs his or her assessments, interventions, and other tasks independent of the others |
interdisciplinary |
an approach of service delivery teams in which team members perform their evaluations independently, but program development and instructional recommendations are the result of information sharing and joint planning; a compensation to the lack of communication with multidisciplinary teams |
transdisciplinary |
an approach of service delivery teams in which team members are committed to working collaboratively across individual discipline lines; distinguished by two additional and related features: role sharing and a primary therapist |
cooperative teaching |
direct collaboration in which a general educator and one or more support service providers voluntarily agree to work together in co-active and coordinated fashion in the general education classroom |
universal design for learning (UDL) |
the design of instructional materials and activities that allows the learning goals to be achievable by individuals with wide differences in their abilities to see, hear, speak, move, read, write, understand English, attend, organize, engage, and remember |
individualized family service plan (IFSP) |
a family-focused IEP, reflective of the family's resources, priorities, and concerns |
early intervention |
the delivery of a coordinated and comprehensive package of specialized services to infants and toddlers (birth through age 2) with developmental delays or at-risk conditions and their families |
early childhood special education |
the provision of customized services uniquely crafted to meet the individual needs of youngsters with disabilities between 3 and 5 years of age |
transition |
the passage from one phase of an adolescent's life to the next without significant difficulty |
transition services |
a coordinated set of activities for a student with a disability that aids them in achieving a transitional goal |
individualized transition plan (ITP) |
a statement of transition services incorporated into his or her IEP; must include post-secondary goals as well as a statement of the linkages and/or responsibilities that various agencies such as employment services, vocational rehabilitation, and the school system will assume in order to move the individual smoothly from school to living and working in the community |
interindividual differences |
those characteristics that distinguish each student from his or her classmates (height, intelligence, motor skills, etc.) |
intraindividual differences |
differences within a particular student; a child's unique profile of strengths and weaknesses |
least restrictive environment (LRE) |
the principle according to which services are to be provided in the setting that most closely approximates the general education classroom while still meeting the unique needs and requirements of the learner |
Education of All Handicapped Children's Act |
Q: Which act required all states to provide a free, appropriate, active, and legitimate education to all students? |
PL 94-142 (1975) |
Q: Which public law is the Education of All Handicapped Children's Act listed as? (What year?) |
PL 99-457 (1986) |
Q: Which public law extended services downward to preschool and made it mandatory to provide services to children of ages 3-5? (What year?) |
PL 101-476 (1990) |
Q: Which public law changed the name of the Education of All Handicapped Children's Act to IDEA and added transitional planning as mandatory for children of ages 16 and up? (What year?) |
PL 105-17 (1997) |
Q: Which public law added developmental delay as a category of disabilities for children of ages 3-9? (What year?) |
2004 |
Q: In what year was the amendment made that added the word "Improvement" to IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act)? (Still IDEA) |
2004 |
Q: In what year was the amendment made to align IDEA with the No Child Left Behind Act, requiring that all children (even with disabilities) in grades 3-8 take assessments each year? |
2001 |
Q: In what year was the No Child Left Behind Act passed? |
Section 504 (1973) |
Q: Which section of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits discrimination in any program or activity receiving federal funds? (What year?) |
The Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) |
Q: Which act provides nondiscrimination protection to private sector employment, transportation, public businesses, etc. and requires that employers of 15 or more employees make "reasonable accommodations" for employees with specific needs? (What year?) |
melting pot |
a metaphor for describing the process of assimilation of the children of immigrants, whereby the various languages, beliefs, and customs of immigrants were melted away and replaces with a common American culture |
ethnocentrism |
the act of viewing one's own cultural group characteristics as superior or correct and the ways of other groups as inferior and peculiar |
multicultural education |
an educational strategy that addresses issues of race, language, social class, and culture as well as disability and gender |
bilingual education |
an educational strategy whereby students whose first language is not English are instructed primarily through their native language while developing competency and proficiency in English |
limited english proficient |
term used to describe individuals with a reduced fluency in reading, writing, or speaking English |
bilingual special education |
services that embrace the use of the pupil's primary language and culture coupled with an individually tailored program of special instruction |
overrepresentation |
this term refers to the disproportionate number of students from culturally and linguistically diverse students represented in special education programs for non-congenital disabilities such as emotional disturbance and learning disabilities |
underrepresentation |
a situation in which fewer children from a minority groups are placed in special education programs than would be expected based on the proportion of pupils in the general school population |
socioeconomic status |
a person's position in society as determined by income, wealth, occupation, education, place of residence, and other factors |
field dependent/sensitive |
a term used to describe students who approach learning intuitively rather than analytically and logically |
field independent |
a term used to describe students who thrive in competitive settings where achievement and individual accomplishment are prized |
portfolio assessment |
assessment of a collection of the students work in an area showing growth, self-reflection, and achievement |
eugenics movement |
the campaign that resulted in laws forbidding marriage between individuals with mental retardation and led to calls for their sterilization |
family characteristics, family interactions, family functions, and family life cycle |
Q: What are the four interrelated components of the Turnbull family systems model? |
family characteristics |
the term used to describe the features that make a family unique |
family interactions |
the relationships and interactions among and between the various family subsystems |
cohesion |
a term that refers to the degree of freedom and independence experienced by each member of the family |
adaptability |
the family's ability to change in response to a crisis or stressful event |
family functions |
the seven interrelated activities necessary to fulfill the individual and collective needs of the family |
affection, self-esteem, economics, daily care, socialization, recreation, and education |
Q: What are the seven interrelated activities included in family functions? |
family life cycle |
a term that refers to the developmental changes that occur in most families over time |
respite care |
the temporary or occasional care of an individual with disabilities by non-family members |
cultural sensitivity |
a view that implies an awareness of, respect for, and appreciation of the many factors that influence and shape the values, priorities, and perspectives of both individuals and families |
active listening |
for service providers, the act of listening to parents and other significant persons and caregivers with understanding, focusing on the feelings and attitudes that accompany the words |
free and appropriate public education |
FAPE |
Response to Intervention (RTI) |
a process that determines if the pupil responds to empirically validated, scientifically based interventions |
familiality studies |
studies that examine the tendency of certain conditions to occur in a single family |
heritability studies |
an investigative technique in which scientists compare the school performance of monozygotic twins (identical twins, developing from the same egg with identical genetic characteristcs) with that of dizygotic twins (fraternal twins, developing from two different eggs with different genetic makeup) |
dyslexia |
a type of reading disorder in which the student fails to recognize and comprehend written words |
phonological awareness |
the understanding of the rules that govern the correspondence between specific sounds and certain letters that make up words |
phonemic awareness |
the understanding that words are constructed of small units of sounds known as phonemes |
pragmatics |
the functional use of language in social situations |
short-term memory |
the type of memory that involves the recall, in correct order, of either aurally or visually presented information shortly after hearing or seeing the items several times |
working memory |
the type of memory which requires that an individual retain information while simultaneously engaging in other cognitive activity |
metacognition |
the ability to evaluate and monitor one's own performance |
learned helplessness |
a student's maintenance of an attitude that eventually leads to the student frequently giving up and not even attempting to complete tasks |
progress monitoring |
the frequent and systematic assessment of an individual's performance |
norm-referenced assessments |
assessments that compare an individual's performance to that of a normative group of peers |
criterion-referenced assessments |
assessments that provide educators with a description of the student's abilities, measured against a predetermined mastery level |
authentic assessment |
an alternative assessment which is believed to paint a more accurate or genuine picture of what a pupil can and cannot accomplish in real-life situations such as in the classroom or at home |
self-instruction |
a cognitive strategy whereby students initially talk to themselves out loud while performing a task |
mnemonic strategies |
tools for helping students recall facts and relationships |
direct instruction (DI) |
a form of instruction that focuses on analyzing the characteristics or components of the task to be learned and actively involving the student in the learning process |
Basic reading skills and reading comprehension |
Q: What two areas of discrepancy make up for 80% of students with learning disabilities? |
Larry P. vs. Riles (1979) |
Q: Which court case examined the overrepresentation of African American children in special education and decided to use more than one assessment tool for assessing disabilities, requiring that children be assessed in their native tongue? (What year?) |
Brown vs. Board of Education (1954) |
Q: Which court case challenged the notion of acceptable treatment in schools and was the launching point for the civil rights movement? (What year?) |
PARC (Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens) vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1972) |
Q: Which court case affected 50,000 children after the state claimed that the children in question were "unable to profit from public school attendance"? (What year?) |
Mills vs. Washington DC Board of Education (1972) |
Q: Which court case examined the exclusion from school of 7 children with learning and behavior problems, the reason for which the school district claimed that it could not afford to provide these children with an appropriate education, and eventually ruled in favor of the parents? (What year?) |
Hendrick Hudson District Board of Education vs. Rowley (1982) |
Q: Which court case examined a situation where a school stopped providing a deaf girl with related services due to the fact that she seemed alright without them, eventually ruling in favor of the school on the decision that schools are not required to provide an optimal education, but rather an appropriate education? (What year?) |
Honig vs. Doe (1988) |
Q: Which court case examined a situation where a school expelled two young men with emotional/behavioral disorders because they were deemed too dangerous, eventually ruling in favor of the students based on the decision that students cannot be expelled from school on the basis of behavior related to their disability? (What year?) |
13% |
Q: In public schools, approximately what percentage of students receive special education services? |
Learning Disabilities (LD), Speech or Language Impairments (SLI), Other Health Impairments (OHI), Intellectual Disabilities (ID or MD), and Emotional Disturbance (ED) |
Q: What are the 5 high incidence categories of disabilities? (Abbreviations) |
FAPE, LRE, IEP, due process, Non-discriminatory testing, and parental participation |
Q: What are the 6 guiding principles of IDEA? |
Current performance, annual goals, related services, LRE, achievement test modifications and statement of participation, specific time frames and information, transition services by age 16, and measures of progress |
Q: What are the 8 critical elements of an IEP? Note: the answer for this is pretty messy, so if you don't get it word-for-word, use your best judgement on whether or not to press the override button |
Katie Martinez and TJ Munroe |
Q: What were the names of the two main individuals in the video "My Country"? |
Hell no. |
Q: Are you going to fail this midterm? |