PSYCH 202: Final Lecture 1
28 Cards in this Set
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What was the social influence in Sherif's experiment?
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"informational influence"
-seeking out information to help decide what reality is
-conform because one believes the majority is correct
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What was the social influence in Asch's experiment?
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"normative influence"
-conform to avoid social rejection
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What factors lessen obedience?
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1. prestige of experimenter
2. distance between "teacher" and the "learner"
3. distance between the "authority" and the teacher
4. presence of others who disobey
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Cognitive symptoms of depression?
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-negative view of self esteem
-pessimism
-poor concentration
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Motivational symptoms of depression?
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-lack of response initiation
-psychomotor retardation
-psychomotor agitation
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Somatic symptoms of depression?
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-loss of appetite
-increased appetite
-sleep disturbance
-insomnia
-hypersomnia
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What is epidemiology?
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looking at the distribution of an illness across a population
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2 examples of unipolar mood disorders
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1. major depression
2. dysthymia
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2 examples of bipolar disorders
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1. bipolar
2. cyclothymia
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Dysthymia
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-lower severity and longer duration
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Major Depression
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-higher severity but shorter duration
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3 dimensions of causal attribution
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-internal or external
-stable or unstable
-global or specific
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Results confirming attributional model
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example
high grade: attributional style doesn't matter
low grade: students with neg. attributional style were more depressed
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What is the biogenic amine hypothesis?
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-depression is due to deficit of specific neurotransmitters
-support comes from drugs used to treat depression which increase norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain
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What are tricyclics?
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prevent reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (imipramine, amitriptyline)
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What are monomine oxidase inhibitors?
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prevent breakdown of norepinephrine and serotonin in the synapse (Nardil, Parnate)
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What are serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
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selectively prevent reuptake of serotonin (Prozac, Zoloft)
-less likely to accidentally kill yourself
-fewer side effects
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Bipolar disorder (manic depression)
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symptoms include extreme mood swings from depression to mania
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How long to manic episodes last with manic depression?
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-last a few days to 3 months
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What is cyclothymia?
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-milder, more chronic, form of bipolar disorder
-mood swings from hypmania to dysthymia
-experience highs and lows for at least 2 year period
-have increased risk of developing bipolar
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What is the epidemiology of bipolar disorder?
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lifetime prevalence: 1%
1:1 gender ratio
mean age of 20
1/6 commit suicide
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What did Andreasen find in bipolar study?
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-interviewed 30 creative writers
-80% with at least 1 episode of depression
-43% reporting episodes of mania or hypomania
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What is treatment for bipolar disorder?
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-Lithium (wonder drug)
-works within 2 weeks
-must use prophylactically
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Symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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-obsessions; intrusive, uncontrollable
-compulsions; behavioral reactions to obsessions intended to reduce anxiety
-obsessions lead to compulsion 90% of cases
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Epidemiology of OCD
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-lifetime prevalence 2%-4%
-mean age 20
gender 1:1
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Physical factors of OCD
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-50% of OCD patients respond to antidepressants such as Prozac
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What is Mowrer's learning theory?
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-subjects are motivated to escape fear and are not performing on the basis of the future expectation of an aversive event
-fear acquired from classical conditioning
-maintaining from operant conditioning
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What did Roper & Rachman research on OCD?
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-exposure to CS increases autonomic activity
-when compulsive act is performed arousal decreases
-doesn't explain origin of obsessions
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PSYCH 202: Final Lecture 1