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ATM OCN 100: Chapter 12

cold air damming
process by which cold, dry air is forced against the east side of the Appalachian Mountains when strong onshore flow is present from the Atlantic Ocean
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cold air trapping
process by which cold air is trapped in the valleys of the Appalachian Mountains while warm air advances northward on either side of the Appalachian
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freezing drizzle
light misty precipitation droplets with diameters between .2 and .5 mm that freeze on contact with the surface
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ice nuclei
particles that promote the formation of ice crystals in air or in liquid water; particles generally have a crystalline structure similar to ice
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ice pellets
liquid drops that have frozen or refrozen; referred to as sleet
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ice storm
a winter storm in which there is substantial accumulation of freezing rain or freezing drizzle at the surface
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inversion
an increase of temperature with altitude; represents the opposite of the more common tropospheric situation in which temperature decreases with altitude
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melting level
the altitude at which falling precipitation changes from the ice phase to liquid drops
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melting process
the formation of freezing precipitation when snowflakes fall into an atmospheric layer in which the temperature exceeds 0 degrees and continue their fall back into a sub-freezing below 0 celsius layer of air near ground
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sleet
precipitation consisting of frozen raindrops
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supercool
the process by which water is cooled to a temperature lower than zero degrees but remains in the liquid state
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supercooled warm rain process
the process by which tiny cloud droplets in a subfreezing cloud grow to precipitation size by colliding and coalescing with each other
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supercooled water
water that has a temperature below 0 degrees celsius but is in a liquid state
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warm rain
rain that forms in the absence of ice particles
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