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KINES 100: Anatomy
saggital plane |
cuts down the body, separates the left half from the right half |
frontal plane
|
front and back |
Abduction |
Movement away from the midline |
adduction |
towards midline of the body |
Circumduction |
a continuous movement that combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in succession; the distal end of the limb or digit moves in a circle |
SUPINATION |
MOVEMENT UPWARD OR FORWARD
PALMS UP
|
pronation |
palm down |
axial position |
accounts for 50 % of persons weight |
Appendicular portion
|
includes the arms and legs |
force |
push or pull |
Tensile |
distracts or pulls two surfaces apart |
Shear |
two surfaces sliding against |
Resultant |
the net result of a combination of two or more vectors |
effort arm |
this is the part of the lever on which you push |
Torque |
A quantity that measures the ability of a force to rotate an object around some axis |
example of a close chain exercise |
leg press where the feet are fixed to a foot plate |
fibroblasts |
produce the collagen fibers |
Fibrocytes |
maintains fibers |
Flat bones |
thin and flattened, usually curved |
Irregular Bones |
-vertebrae; facial bones |
Sesamoid Bone
|
A bone embedded with a tendon |
bellin
3263 eaton rd. |
10:30am |
Synovial Joints |
1. Articular Cartilage
2. Joint or Synovial Cavity
3. Articular Capsule - 2 parts:
a. fibrous capsule
b. synovial membrane
4. Synovial Fluid
5. Reinforcing Ligaments |
Proximal joints |
generally have the greatest freedom of movement and are a foundation for extremities like the shoulder and the hip |
Middle joints |
hinge joints with motion primarily in the sagittal plane and the forces through the secondary joints will depend on the position of the primary and tertiary joint |
Examples of distal joints |
wrist and ankle |
prime mover |
has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement |
Antagonist |
A substance that inhibits the normal action of a hormone or native substance A |
stabilization system [inner unit] |
–Transverse Abdominis
–Multifidus (lumbar)
–Internal Oblique
–Lumbar Transversospinalis
–Pelvis Floor
–Diaphram
–Gluteus Medius
–Other global stabilizers (adductors, glut med) |
mvmt system [outer unit] |
–Rectus Abdominis
–External Oblique
–Erector Spinae
–Quadratus Lumborum (both)
–Gluteus Maximus (both groups)
–Hip Flexors
–Latissimus Dorsi |
Posterior oblique system |
gluteus maximus, latissimus dorsi, and thoracolumbar fascia |
The deep longitudinal system includes |
erector spinae, the deep lamina of the thoraco lumbar fascia, the sacrotuberus ligament and the biceps femoris muscle |
Lateral system |
quadratus laborum, adductors, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus |
origin |
attached to immovable/less movable bone |
insertion |
the site where the movable end of the skeletal muscle attaches to another structure |
visceral muscles |
cardiac and smooth |
fusiform muscles |
great ability to shorten. biceps for Ex |
Penniform Muscles |
•Fibers run diagonally with respect to tendon
•Feather-like in appearance
•Fiber force in different direction to muscle force
- Unipennate: semimembranousis
- Bipennate: gastrocnemius
- Multipennate: Deltoid
- Convergent: Pectoralis Major |
somatotype |
n
body type |
ectomorph |
slender physical body form; linear physique |
Mesomorph |
A mesomorph has a large bone structure, large muscles and a naturally athletic physique. |
superficial |
toward or on the surface of the body |