ENVIR ST 260: Environmental Studies 260 Exam 1
53 Cards in this Set
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non-native migrants/ pioneers
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homogenizes global diversity
-plants
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cretaceous
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when the dinosaurs went extinct
65 mya
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Human-wolf (carnivore conflict)
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Interests and attitudes towards wolves come from
-hunters
-farmers
-wildlife protectionists
the more experience with wolves=more negative
urban dwellers more positive
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passive scavengers
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only taking what is left of an animal kill
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active scavengers
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being the hunter or scaring off other animals for the meat
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monoculture
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ag focused on one crop or plant species
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contingent/contingency
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planetary luck that we are strategically placed to sustain life
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juvenilized
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young puppy like traits were selected to breed
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tameness
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absence of fear or aggression towards humans
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fear/aggression
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negative response to humans
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Sahara Pump
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Climate warmer/drier across Eurasia led to migration
Lower sea levels in southeast asia
New challenges led to new techologies
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learned v. instinctive behavior
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learned = socialized behavior
instinct = interpret human communication, natural, unmolded
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toolkit for globalization
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transport, storage, clothing
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archaeological record
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multiple fire sites in early humans gave insight to their use of fire and society
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K-T boundary
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angiosperms (flowering fruit) plants spread
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ResourcesResources
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food
shelter
mates
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costs and benefits of dispersal
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benefits
*avoid incest
*less competition
*avoid adopted predators
*mates
costs
*danger
*energy demands
*new social relationships
*outbreed (lose good traits)
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Homosapiens
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.3-.5 mya
fire
weapons to hunt
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Recolonization
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wolves back in native habitat
reintroduction
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semi-arboreal
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partly tree dwellers
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permian extinction
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250 mya
90% extinction
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convergent evolution
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parallel evolution of species when in same environment
dog and human jump at same loud noise
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mammoth hunters
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first evidence for domestication of dogs in Eurasia, 0.044 mya, associated with Monmouth hunters. no livestock domestication yet so not used for herding or livestock guarding
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possible factors of wolf recovery
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abundant prey
societal tolerance/economy
change in prey/change in habitat
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depredations
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wolf kill of another animal
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bipedal
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walks on two feet
upright
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social-communcative signals
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-hand gestures
-eye movement
-language commands
-nodding and pointing
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oral tradition
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explanation of history preceded scientific processes
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aristotle
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viewed balance as the most important component in the universe
the world is shaped by structure and purpose
*hierarchal arrangement of animal and plant species based on degree of perfection and development of souls
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teleology
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everything has a purpose
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"climax" condition
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when biodiversity of an ecosystem is stable in long lasting equilibrium
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successional "stages"
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dynamic change of an ecosystem before it reaches "climax
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Hominin
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6 mya-2.5 may
bipedal
tree dwelling
slow and weak
mainly plant diet
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hunting gathering forager societies
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plants predominate
women 98% nourishment
small protein packets
not yet hunting big game
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major mass extinction
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minor- 1.75 mya
major- Permian 250 mya
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radiate/adaptive radiation
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evolutio of diversity within a rabidly multiplying lineage of organisms
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extirpation
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mice in APhi house die, but SigEp mice stay alive
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extinction
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all mice in world die
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human population growth
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had:
better food
agriculture
monocultures transformed ecosystems
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crop/livestock domesticaiton
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agriculture .01-.005mya
artificial selection for more nutritious energy rich crops and livestock
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dog domestication
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convergent evolution
human like social skills
.044 mya - mammoth hunt
-before any other domestication
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ecosystem
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balanced economy of nature
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Goldilocks effect
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the earth must be "just right" to support life
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niche
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how an organism responds to the distribution of resources and competitors
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selection, artificial or natural
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natural-genetic variability
artificial-breeding for desired genes/traits
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competition
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biologic goal to live for one's organism benefit but fighting to share an abiotic or biotic factor
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mutualism
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when 2 organisms thrive off the relationship with one another
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commensalism
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the relationship between 2 organisms where one is benefiting the other is neutral
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migration
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wolves change location as a pack
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individual dispersal
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one single wolf goes off
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purpose
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role in nature
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function
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how it works to accomplish a goal
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paradigm
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a model providing a way of looking at the world such that an array of observations is united under one umbrella of belief
-broad understanding
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ENVIR ST 260: Environmental Studies 260 Exam 1