BIOLOGY 151: Cells

Study Flashcards

21 Cards in this Set

Front	Back
Enzyme	Speeds up reaction without getting consumed
Carbohydrates	Sugars Contain energy Transport energy Store energy Can be structural
Competitive inhibitor	Mimics substrate, competes for active site
Noncompetitive inhibitor	Binds to enzyme and alters the shape of the active site
Allosteric regulation	Any case where protein shape is altered by a regulatory molecule
Metabolism	Collection of chemical reactions in an organism
Catabolic pathway	Break down molecules, release energy
Anabolic pathway	Building molecules, consuming energy
Chloroplasts	Photosynthesis
Mitochondria	Cellular respiration
Fermentation	Catabolic pathway that does not use ocygen
Aerobic respiration	Oxygen is consumed as a reactant with the organic fuel
Anaerobic respiration	Harvesting chemical energy without oxygen
Electron transport chain	Number of proteins built into the inner membrane of the mitochondria or plasma membrane
Glycolysis	Breaking glucose down to two molecules of pyruvate (2ATP)
Krebs cycle	Breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide (2ATP)
Oxidative phosphorylation	Energy released from electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP from ADP + Pi, powered by redox rxns
Chemiosmosis	Flow of H+ ions across a membrane
Substrate level phosphorylation	Smaller amount of ATP formed directly in a few reactions of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
ATP synthase	Enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP
Proton motive force	H+ gradient, capacity of gradient to do work, drives H+ back across membrane through channels by ATP synthase