BIOLOGY 101: Final Exam
25 Cards in this Set
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Linnaeus
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classified species
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Hutton
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father of modern geology, discovered that earth changes slowly
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Curvier
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noticed extinctions because of catastrophes infossils
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Lyell
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noticed that the earth is changing slowly, constantly
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Lamarck
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evolution occurs when an individual acquires a trait over a lifetime that is passed to offspring (strength, long neck)
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Darwin/ Wallace Observations
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1. Many different species
2. Fossils resemble current species
3. Geographical gradients of change in species (island differ from mainland)
4. Organisms have traits that match enviro conditions
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Founder Effect
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a few individuals become isolated from larger pop - establish new gene pool (founders of new island)
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Bottleneck Effect
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reduce size of original population randomly
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Gene Flow
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change in allele frequencies between generations due to input of individuals or gametes from other populations
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Intrasexual Selection
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selection within in the same sex (competition between males)
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Intersexual Selection
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selection between the 2 sexes (showy males)
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Sexual Selection
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natural selection that is related to mating success (ornaments, courtship)
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Ecological Species Concept
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different habitat/niche - can't breed
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Morphological Species Concept
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look different - can't breed
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Biological Species Concept
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individuals are members of the same species if they can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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Adaptive Radiation
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periods of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new species (new environment/key adaptation)
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Dispersal
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movement of organisms away from center of high population density
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dispersion
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pattern of spacing among individuals in a pop
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Generation Time
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average amount of time between the birth of an individual and the birth of its offspring
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Aposematic Coloration
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bright coloration is warning signal of poisonous chemicals
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Life Dinner Principle
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prey always adapted to escape predators (have advantage in arms race)
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competitive exclusion principle
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2 species that share the same limiting resource can't coexist indefinitely, eventually one will go extinct
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Character Displacement
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tendency for characteristics of sympatric pops to diverge more than allopatric pops (expect greater differences in a trait when 2 species co-occur rather than when either species is by itself)
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microevolution
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change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next in a pop
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Macroevolution
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evolution of a new species
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BIOLOGY 101: Final Exam