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Streptococci Virulence Factors
– Protective capsule, hyaluronidase, streptokinase, pyrogenic exotoxin, streptolysin
Streptococci Evasion mechanisms
Molecular mimicry, encapsulation
Staphylococcus host defense
Epithelial barriers, phagocytosis, inflammatory response
Staphylococcus evasion mechanisms
Catalase and carotenoids inhibit ROS killing in phagosomes, protein A inhibits antibody opsonization
Salmonella virulence factors
Febrile/flagellar adhesion, enterotoxin, cytotoxin
Salmonella host response
Macrophage phagocytosis , adaptive immunity, T helper 1 cells (enhanced killing), antibody stop spread, direct complement mediated killing
Salmonella immune evasion
Phagocyte killing, alternate flagella forms
Vibrio host defense
Barrier function, neutralizing antibodies on secondary infection
E. coli virulence factor
Specific fimbrae (pili), anti-phagocytic capsule, exotoxins (enterotoxin/cytotoxins)
E. coli host defense
Clearance mechanisms on epithelial surfaces, antibodies to neutralize toxins, block adherence, phagocytic function for invasive strains
E. coli evasion mechanisms
Specific adherents mechanisms, variable surface antigens, anti-phagocytic capsule, intracellular growth
Mycobacteria host response
T-helper 1 cells release cytokines which stimulate killing ability of macrophages
Treatment for mycobacteria
Rifampin and isoniazid targets mycolic acid synthesis
Trypanosomes host response
Antibodies and complement proteins
Treatment for Plasmodium
Antimalarial drugs target processing of hemoglobin by pathogen
Influenza host response
Neutralizing antibodies and CTLs help control infection
Influenza treatment
Antiviral drugs amantadine and Tamiflu inhibit viral entry and release

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