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ESS 205: QUIZ 2
Arthrology
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Study of joints
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Synarthrodial Joints
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Immoveable, Tightly connected by fibrous tissue or cartilage, lacks articular cavity
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Suture
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type of synarthrodial joint characterized by a thin layer of dense fibrous tissue
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Synchondrosis
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type of synarthrodial joint found between diaphysis and epiphysis in the long bones of children
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Amphiathrodial joint
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slightly moveable joint
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Symphysis
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type of amphiathrodial joint that is joined by a pad of fibrocartilage (ex. symphysis pubis, intervertebral discs)
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Syndesmosis
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a type of amphiathrodial joint that are bones held together by collagenous fibers or interosseous ligaments (ex. distal ends of tibia and fibula, distal ends of radius and ulna)
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Diathrodial Joint
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freely moveable, have joint capsules that contains synovial fluid
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Gliding |
Type of diarthrodial joint that allows gliding/sliding movement, articulating surfaces are flattened or slightly curved, and are nonaxial (no specific axis of movement) (ex. intercarpals, vertebral bodies)
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Hinge |
type of diarthrodial joint that permits bending in one place, one articulating surface is concave while other is convex, and is unaxial (one axis of movement) (ex. humeroulnar, interphalangeal (fingers and toes))
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Pivot |
Type of diarthrodial joint that permits rotation in one place, articular surface of one bone is round and fits into depression on another bone, unaxial (one axis of movement) (ex. radioulnar, atlanto-axial)
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Condyloid (ellipsoidal)
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type of diarthrodial joint that permits movement in two places, one articulating surface is convex ad other is concave, biaxial (2 axes of movement) (ex. radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal, tibiofemoral)
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Saddle (sellar)
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Type of diarthrodial joint that permits movement in two planes, one articulating surface is concave in one direction and other surface is convex in another direction, biaxial (2 axes of movement) (ex. carpometacarpal (base of thumb))
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Ball and Socket
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Type of diarthrodial joint that permits movement in three planes, one articulating surface is rounded and other is a cup-like cavity, multiaxial (3 axes of movement) (ex. hip, shoulder)
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Flexion
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movement of the body that decreases the joint angle
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Extension |
movement of the body that increases a joint angle
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Abduction
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movement of the body away from the midline
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Adduction
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movement of the body moving toward the midline of the body
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Horizontal Abduction (transverse extension)
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horizontal movement away from the midline
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Horizontal Adduction (transverse flexion)
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horizontal movement towards the midline
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External Rotation (outward rotation)
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rotating axis of bone away from the body
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Internal Rotation (inward rotation)
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rotating axis of bone towards the body
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Eversion
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Turning sole of foot outward
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Inversion |
Turn sole of foot inwards
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Dorsiflexion
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Top of foot towards the shin
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Plantarflexion |
top of foot away from the shin (toe raise)
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Supination |
turning palm upward (holding a bowl of soup)
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Pronation
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turning palm downwards
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Circumduction |
proximal end of limb remains stationary, distal end moves in circular pattern
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Cranial Bones
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(8): Frontal, Parietal(2), Occipital, Temporal(2), Sphenoid, Ethomoid
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Facial Bones
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(12): Maxilla(2), Palatine(2), Zygomatic(2), Lacrimal(2), Nasal(2), Vomer, Mandible
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Coronal
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Suture of skull. Separates Frontal from Parietal.
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Sagittal
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Suture of the skull. Divides Parietals in half.
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Lambdoidal
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Suture of skull. Separates Occipital from Parietal.
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Squamous |
Suture of skull. Separates Temporal from Parietal.
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