ESS 205: MIDTERM EXAMS
54 Cards in this Set
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"Greek music, as best we can tell, was largely____-consisting of a single melodic line- with the possibility of an accompanimental line that either doubled or modestly embellished the principal voice."
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monophonic
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"The doctrine of __ held that music was capable of arousing listeners to certain kinds of emotions and behaviors."
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ethos
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Not all ancient philosophers was as convinced as ___ and his followers that music should be conceived only as a sounding manifestation of abstract number."
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Pythagoras
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"The liberal arts themselves were divided into two categories: the language of arts of the ___ (grammar, rhetoric, and dialect) and the mathematical ___ (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music)."
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trivium; quadrivium
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"The Eucharistic ___ ...is a ritualistic reenactment of the Last Supper."
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Mass
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"The singing of ___ was particularly important in the early church," and these items were a central part of the Offices or Hours.
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Psalms
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Around the turn of the 9th century, ___ "recognized that a unified liturgy-- along with a unified body of music-- would go a long way toward solidifying both the idea and practice of central authority."
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Charlemagne
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"Early chant notation was based on signs known as ___ that indicate the pitches or groups of pitches in a chant melody."
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neumes
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"The earliest notated repertoires of medieval music are ___. The oldest sources of ___ date back from the last quarter of the 9th cenutry."
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monophonic; plainchant.
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The two types of liturgical Christian services of the medieval Christian church were the: _____ ____ and ____ _____.
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Divine Office; Eucharistic Mass
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According to whether their texts vary with the occasion in which they are said/sung, Mass items are divided into two groups: _____ and ____
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Ordinary and Proper
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The most extended, elaborate, and musically important Divine Office (Hours) are ___, ___, ___, and ___
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Lauds, Compline, Vespers, and Matins
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According to the word-music relationship, Mass and Office items are divided into three groups: ___, ___, and ___
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Syllabic, Neumatic, and Melismatic
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Because of their extended texts, the Gloria and Creda are set as ___ chants.
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Syllabic
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Name the two so-called action chant items:
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Offertory, communion
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The most elaborate Mass chants are not only melismatic but also ___ that is, chants in which the choir responds to the soloist(s).
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responsorial
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Name two of the most musically elaborate chants of the Mass (i.e. proper items referred to in previous questions);
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Gradual and Tacet (sometimes Alleluia)
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Psalms, with their lengthy texts, are recited sullabically to one of the eight melodic formulas known as ___ ___.
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Psalm tones
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Psalm and psalm-related recitations in the Divine Office were preceded and followed by a more musically varied ___.
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Antiphon
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___ "is the most controversial issue in reconstructing medieval performance practices of plainchant."
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Rhythm
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Medieval ___ "are scale types characterized by a specific pattern of whole steps and half steps."
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modes
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According to their range and recitation tone, the eight modes used in the classification of plainchant are divided into two groups: ____ and ___.
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authentic and plagal
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"Melodies in any of the eight medieval modes end on a characteristic pitch (the ___) and move up and down within a particular range (the ___).
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finalis; ambitus
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"The entire range of available pitches--the ___--was conceived of as a series of seven interlocking ___ beginning on C, F, or G."
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gamut; hexachords
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Certain passages in the liturgy became especially favorites for troping because of their inherently dramatic nature... The trope known as Quem quaeritis in sepulcro...and others like it were occasionally staged as ___ ___.
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liturgical drama
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By far the most important source of new repertoire after the 9th century resulted from a process known as ___.
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Troping
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Textual troping was espeically prevalent in the extended ___ of the Gradual, Alleluia, and the Offertory, as well as those sections of the Mass Ordinary with brief texts, such as the Kyrie.
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Melismas
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Songs in Latin passed easily across linguistic boundaries. The famous collection of this kind is the ___ ___...a name given in the 19th century in honor of the Benedictine monastary in Bavaria where the manuscript containing these songs was housed for many years.
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Carmina Burana
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By the end of the ___ century, a core repertory of plainchant had been established for the entire liturgical year.
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9th
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A ___ is a musical addition to an existing chant.
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trope
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One type of troping is the addition of words to an existing melisma. The interpolated texts, known as ____... also served as a kind of commentary on the original text.
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prosulae
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In the 12th and 13th centuries, the ___ (in Southern France) and ___(in Northern France) wrote their songs in medieval French and Occitan (Provencal), respectively.
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Troubadours; Trouveres
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The texts of Martin Codex's ___ were written in Gallo-Portuguese, whereas those of the ___ by Tannhauser, Walther von de Vogelweide and Wolfram von Eschenbach were in medieval German.
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Canitgas; Minnelieder
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Measured organum required a new kind of notation, one that could show the temporal relationship of the various voices. This new system, known as ___ allowed composers to distinguish long and short notes in various combinations.
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rhythmic modes
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The drive to gloss did not end with the composition of organa, not even for three and four voices. Composer like Perotin also composed many.
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clausulae
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In the second half of the 12th century, Leonin and other "composers in and around the Cathedral of Notre Dame committed their works to writing in a compendium that came to be known as the ___ ___."
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Magnus Liber Organi
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The identification of the chief composers of the Magnus Liber Organi "hangs by a thread of a single source" known as ___.
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Anonymous IV
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It is the presence of a contrasting text in the upper voice or voices that distinguished the ___ from its previous predecessor, the clausula. The texted duplum was known as the motetus because it had words.
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motetus
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The texts of many 13th- century polytextual motets are diverse; some are even ___ with a motetus in Latin, and a triplum in French, or viceversa.
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polylingual
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Name one of the styles typically found in Notre Dame organa by Leonin: ___.
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measured organa
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These pieces are not based on borrowed material [plainchant] of any kind...their texts are syllabic and stongly metrical, and... all their voices move in roughly the same rhythms. They were probably first used as processionals. These features are typical of late 12th and early 13th centur…
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conductus
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The most distinctive feature in the organa of Notre Dame is ___.
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Rhythm
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According to Anonymous IV, the most accomplished composer of clausula was ___.
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Perotin
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The ___ is not based on plainchant melodies or any pre-existing material
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conductus
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With the addition of words, the ___ is directly derived from the clausula
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motet
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The first written examples of [rudimentary] polyphony date from the ___ century.
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mid-late 9th
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Name three styles or stages in the development of organum:
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parallel, melismatic, Notre Dame/Measured
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Name two styles or texts that normally appear in Notra Dame organa:
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unison plainchant, free organum
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The rhythmic pattern of an isorhythmic tenor is called ___ (meaning 'cutting' or 'segment'); the melodic pattern is called its ___ (a term borrowed from rhetoric and used to describe certain techniques of repetition).
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talea; color
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The ____ __ ____ is an allegorical story in verse that denounces the corruption prevalent in the French court at the time.
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Roman de Fauvel
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The period of music history known as Ars Nova is named after a treatise written by ___ _ ___.
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Philippe de Vitry
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The earliest 'polyphonic setting of the complete Mass Ordinary known to have been written by a specific composer is called the ___ _ ____ _____, composed in the early 1360s by _______ _ ______.
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Messe de Nostre Dame; Guillame de Machaut
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Name three form fixes of the Ars nova:
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Ballade; Virelai; rondeau
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"Deciphering these works is an often delightful and intellectual challenge, rather like doing an extremely difficult crossword puzzle. The manuscript of originals can also be very quite arresting." This remark refers to a relatively brief period around the turn of the 15th century known a…
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Ars subtilior
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ESS 205: MIDTERM EXAMS