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CHM 104: EXAM 2
is Kc really small or really big when the equation is reactant favored?
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really small
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if x (change) is less than 5% of the smallest starting concentration then the assumption is?
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zero |
acid |
H+ donor
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base |
H+ acceptor
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acid-base reaction
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proton transfer
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neutralization reaction
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mix acid and base
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every acid has a
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conjugate base
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every base has a
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conjugate acid
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conjugate base
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what's left over when the acid is done
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strongest base in H20
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OH-
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amphoteric
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can be an acid or a base
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which side is favored? the weaker or the stronger?
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weaker
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when Kc is really small does the reaction lay far to the left or far to the right?
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far to the left
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in H2O solution, all strong acids are
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the "same"
H30+
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is water an acid or a base?
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can be both
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Kc for water
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[H30+][OH-]
= 1.0 x 10^-14
= Kw
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pH =
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-log[H+]
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pOH =
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-log[OH-]
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[H+]=[OH-]
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neutral
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pH + pOH =
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14 |
do strong acids completely ionize?
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yes |
are strong acids every involved in equilibrium?
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no |
6 strong acids
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HCl
HBr
HI
HClO4
HNO3
H2SO4
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incomplete dissociation
strengths are not leveled in H2O
equilibrium
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weak acids
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molecular form
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acid before it gives up H+
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pH depends on these 2 things
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concentration and Ka
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are acid-base reactions very fast or very slow?
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very fast
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diluted weak acids become more generous
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have less H+ to give but still give a greater percentage
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does a weak acid go to the right a lot?
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no |
polyprotic acid
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donates 2 or more protons
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strong bases
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strong electrolytes
ionize completely
group 1 metal hydroxide and group 2a hydroxides
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8 strong bases
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LiOH
NaOH
KOH
RbOH
CsOH
Ca(OH)2
Ba(OH)2
Sr(OH)2
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every base has to have?
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lone pair(s)
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lewis base
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electron pair donor
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lewis acid
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electron pair acceptor
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there is an inverse relationship between a weak base and
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conjugate acid
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which is the stronger base? F- or Cl-?
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F-
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which is the stronger acid? NH4+ or H2O?
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NH4+
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2 options for a buffer
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a weak acid with added conjugate base
a weak base with added conjugate acid
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do buffers resist changes in pH?
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yes |
more ions =
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more soluable
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the more ion pairs you form,
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the more soluble the salt gets
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Q > K
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reaction runs left
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Q < K
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reaction runs right
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supersaturated
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holding more ions than it can
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unsaturated
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solution could dissolve some more
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