PSYC 3301: Human Relations Final
47 Cards in this Set
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Attitudes
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Relatively stable clusters of feelings, beliefs and predispositions to act directed toward some specific or abstract concept.
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Job Satisfaction
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Individual's degree of positive attitudes toward their current position or work
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Career-success orientation
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An orientation found in cultures that emphasize acquisition of material possessions and individualism.
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Quality-of-life orientation
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An orientation found in cultures that emphasize relationships among people and concerns about life quality.
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Crucial Incident Technique
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A procedure used to study job satisfaction in which participants describe times in which they felt especially satisfied or dissatisfied with their jobs.
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Hygiene or maintenance factors
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Work factors related to conditions surrounding jobs, such as working conditions and pay.
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Motivators
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Work factors related to characteristics of the work itself, such as the growth opportunities it provides.
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Comparison Level (CL)
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the outcome that people think they deserve in a relationship.
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Comparison level for alternatives (CLalt)
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The outcome that people think can be obtained from the best available alternative.
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Life Satisfaction
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Individual's level of satisfaction with their lives away from work.
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Continuance commitment
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An individual's inclination to continue to work for the organization because he or she cannot afford to leave
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Affective commitment
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A person's desire to stay with the organization because he or she agrees with its policies and wants to remain affiliated with the business.
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Love
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A strong, affectionate relationship between people.
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Sexual Harassment
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An unwanted sexual communication.
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Prejudice
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A negative attitude toward members of a social group.
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Discrimination
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Negative actions directed toward an individual based on his or her group membership.
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Descriptive stereotype
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Beliefs concerning how most people in a group behave and what they prefer.
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Prescriptive stereotype
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Controlling attitudes that tell members of groups how they should think, feel, and behave.
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Compensatory Expectations
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Expectations that members of groups will " make up" for their stereotypically inconsistent behavior or the inconsistent behaviors performed by other group members.
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Job discrimination
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Practice including a reluctance to hire, promote, or pay fairly based on a person's group membership.
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Social Categorization
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Tendency to divide people into groups.
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Old-fashioned racism
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Obvious forms of prejudice and discrimination, such as slavery and lynch mobs.
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Modern Racism
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The subtle and indirect forms of prejudice and discrimination that are characteristic of today's world.
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Mere Exposure Effect
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Increased attraction to a stimulus based on repeated presentations of or exposure to the stimulus.
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Stress
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The physical, psychological, and behavioral reactions experienced by individual in situations where they feel that they are in danger of being overwhelmed-pushed beyond their abilities or limits.
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Stressors
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Various aspects of the world around us that contribute to stress.
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Role
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Expectations that are held about a particular position.
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Inter-role conflict
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Conflict that occurs when people from different parts of an individual's life have conflicting expectations about that person's role.
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Person-role conflict
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Conflict between our own expectations and the expectations of others.
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Within-role Conflict
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Conflict that occurs when people in one area of an individual's life have different expectations.
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Quantitative overload
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A situation in which individuals are confronted with more work than can be completed in a given period of time
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Qualitative Overload
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The belief of an employee that he or she lacks the skills or abilities required to perform a specific job.
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Quantitative underload
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A situation in which individuals have so little to do that they find themselves sitting around much of the time.
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Qualitative underload
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The lack of mental stimulation that accompanies many routine, repetitious jobs.
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Optimism-Pessimism
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The personality dimension based on the outlook that individuals have on life. Those with a positive outlook are optimists, and those with a negative outlook are termed pessimists.
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Burnout
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A syndrome resulting from prolonged exposure to stress, consisting of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion plus feelings of low personal accomplishment.
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Relaxation Training
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Special training in which individuals learn to relax one group of muscles at a time. This, in turn, often causes them to experience a reduction in tension.
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Meditation
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A technique for inducing relaxation in which individuals clear disturbing thoughts from their minds and then repeat a single syllable (mantra) over and over again.
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Careers
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The sequence of attitudes and behaviors associated with work-related activities experienced by individuals over the span of their working lives.
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Social Models
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individuals who affect the behavior or attitudes of others through their words or deeds, often without any conscious desire to produce such effects.
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Human resource planning
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Efforts by organizations to make the best possible use of the skills, abilities, and talents of their employees.
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Career development
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The pattern of changes that occur during an individual's career.
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Performance appraisals
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Steps undertaken by organizations to provide employees with feedback on their current performance. Detailed and constructive performance appraisals often form part of company-run programs of career management/career development.
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Organizational politics
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The process through which power and influence are exercised within a given organization. A clear understanding of such politics is necessary for effective career development.
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Protean Career
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A career that is manged by the individual and guided by that person's own choices and search for fulfillment.
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360 Feedback
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A method for getting job-related feedback from multiple sources, including peers, supervisors, and subordinates.
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Career maturity
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The extent to which a person has acquired the physical, psychological, and social qualities to cope with career demands.
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PSYC 3301: Human Relations Final