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PSYC 3303: Test 2 Nicotine, Caffeine
What was the trend in cigarettes sales since 1954?
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there wasn't many restrictions, everyone was smoking in 1945.
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What does the University of Michigan study say about the rate of smoking?
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- the rate of smoking is going down
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Is it true that more female adolescence using tobacco compared to males?
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yes
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What are some adverse health effects of smoking
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Lung cancer
cadiovascular disease
chronic obstructive lung disease |
The case study shows that the younger and the more you smoke means what?
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the more likely to die from tobacco related illness
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Is it true that more educated people are less likely of smoking cigar
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yes |
What are the two general components of cigarette smoke
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Gaseous phase &
Particular phase |
What happens in gaseous phase ?
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Carbon monoxide starves the body from O2 = cardiovascular disease
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What happens in the particular phase ?
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Tar : mixture of chemicals that contain all of the carcinogenic compound.
Nicotine: extreme toxic substance. you can die from suffocation - Nicotine blocks Acetylcholine |
How many mg of tobacco is needed for death?
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60 |
Is inhalation very effective when smoking cigarette?
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yes |
What deactivates nicotine ?
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the liver, then excreted by the kidney
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What are the psychological effect of Nicotine?
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1. mimics "Ach"
2. release adrenaline 3. inhibits hunger contraction |
Is nicotine addiction the same as heroin and cocaine addiction? |
yes |
What drug causes the addictive part of tobacco?
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nicotine
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The underlining reason as to why cigarette is on the market is because of what?
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money |
What is the main problem when trying to quit smoking?
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the psychological dependence "craving"
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Case Study: what causes relaps?
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cognitive deficits following an attempt to quit. Poorer cognitive performance = more smoking relap
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What exactly does nicotine do to the receptors?
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it blocks "Ach" from binding to the receptor
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What is nicotine half life?
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30 mins
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Do nicotine have a short half life or a long half life?
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short half life
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What is the widely used psychoactive drug in the world?
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caffeine |
What family of compound does caffeine fall into?
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Xanthines |
What are the different sources of Caffeine?
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1. coffee
2. tea (Theophylline)
3. chocolate (theobromine) |
What are some other sources of caffeine?
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1. Soft drinks: coca-cola
2. Energy drinks: Red Bull
3. Over-the-counter medications |
What other sources can caffeine come from?
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- guaranine - guarana plant
- meteine - yerba mate plant
*both are chemically identical to caffeine, but come from different sources |
What is the most sign of withdraw syndrome in caffeine?
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headache and signs of depression
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How much cups of coffee does the avg. person drink?
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2-3
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What is the half life of caffeine & absorption ?
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3hr and 30mins absorption
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What is the mechanism of action of caffeine?
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Blocks brain receptor for Adenosin which causes excitation
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What is acute toxicity for caffeine called?
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Caffenisim |
What is the lethal dose of coffee?
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80-100 cups
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What does a low dose of caffeine do to the body?
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increases activity of the cortex
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What does a high dose of caffeine do to the body?
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affects the autonomic center
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Is it true that about 1/3 of Americans drink about 100mL of coffee?
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yes |
Which group has the highest intake of coffee?
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children |
Is it true that about 80-95% of college students use performance enhancement drugs?
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yes |
Case Study: Who is Marion Jones?
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She was a track star that admitted to using performance enhancement drugs and all her medals and her teammates medals got taken away.
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Around what age do children start to use steroids?
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as young as 10yrs old
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What did Early Greek Olympians use in form of an enhancement performance drug?
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mushrooms & herbs
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In the 1800's use as a enhancement performance drug ?
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cocaine, caffeine and strychnine(rat poison)
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In 1940s what was used?
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amphetamine
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In 1950's what was used as an enhancement performance drug?
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steroids |
Who was Ben Johnson?
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he was sprinter and he was the faster man that used drugs
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