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Data
Recorded values whether numbers or labels, together with their context
Data Table
An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
Context
The context ideally tells who was measured, what was measured, how the data were collected, where the data were collected, and when and why the study was performed
Case
An individual about whom or which we have data
Respondent
Someone who answers or responds to a survey
Subject/Participant
A human experimental unit
Experimental Unit
An individual in a study for which or for whom data values are recorded. (human experimental units are referred to as subjects or participants)
Record
Information about an individual in a database
Sample
A subset of a populations examined in hope of learning about the population
Population
The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
Variable
A variable holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
Categorical/Qualitative Variable
A variable that names categories with words or numerals
Nominal Variable
The term nominal can be applied to a variable whose values are used only to name categories
Quantitative Variable
A variable in which the numbers are values of measured quantities with units
Units
A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement such as dollars, hours, or grams etc.
Identifier Variable
A categorical variable that records a unique value for each case used to name or identify it
Ordinal Variable
The term ordinal can be applied to a variable whose categorical values possess some kind of order

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