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Study Guide: Lectures 1 and 2
Atom |
Smallest particle of matter that retains its elemental identity |
Dalton's Postulates |
-The atom is the smallest unit of matter
-all atoms of a given element are identical, but the atoms of one type of element are different from the atoms of other types of elements
-atoms of an element cannot be changed into another element, and cannot be destroyed
-compounds are formed when two or more different atoms combine |
How were electrons discovered? |
JJ Thomson applied high voltage to a tube, which caused cathode rays to travel from negative to positive end (cathode to anode).
He postulated the radiation was a stream of negative charges, and it was consistent with example of magnet deflecting it.
Thomson knew charge/mass ratio! |
Millikan's Oil drop experiment |
Millikan
The oil drop experiment was an experiment performed by Robert A. Millikan and Harvey Fletcher in 1909 to measure the elementary electric charge.
Since charge/mass ratio was known, he figured out mass, and then of course charge. |
Radioactivity |
the spontaneous emission of radiation by an atom
it was first observed by Henri Becquerel
Marie and Pierre Curie also studied it |
Plum Pudding Model of 1900 |
Thomson suggest a positive sphere of matter with negative electrons imbedded in it. |
Rutheford's Experiment |
Rutherford shot alpha particles at thin sheet of gold foil, observed the pattern of scatter of the particles.
There were a few large angles, most particles passed through. So, he proposed small dense nucleus surrounded by air and electrons. |
Who discovered protons? |
Rutherford |
Who discovered neurons? |
Chadwick |
Periods? |
Rows |
Groups? |
Columns |
Elements in the same ____ have similar properties |
Groups |
Group 1A |
Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr |
Group 2A |
Alkaline earth metals: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra |
Group 6A |
Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At |
Group 8A |
Noble (rare) gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn |
Metalloids |
Boron,silicon, germanium,arsenic, antimony and tellurium. |
1 angstrom = ___ m |
10^-10 |
Acid naming: if hydrogen precedes an "ide" |
Add Hydro, and end in -ic acid |
Rules for naming binary molecular compounds |
1. name of element nearest to left is written first
2. if both elements in same group, the lower one is named first
3. the name of the second element has an -ide ending |