CHEM 120: Organic Chemistry
45 Cards in this Set
Front | Back |
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What are the four basic types of hydrocarbons?
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Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Aromatic hydrocarbons
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How many bonds do alkanes have in between their carbons?
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One bond
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Are alkanes saturated with hydrogens or not?
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Saturated
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What are alkanes bond angle, geometry, and hybrid orbital set?
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109.5
Tetrahedral
sp3
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What types of bonds are in alkanes?
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Sigma bonds only
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What is the prefix for an organic compound with one carbon?
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meth-
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What is the prefix for an organic compound with two carbons?
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eth-
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What is the prefix for an organic compound with three carbons?
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prop-
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What is the prefix for an organic compound with four carbons?
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but-
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What is the prefix for an organic compound with five carbons?
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pent-
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What is the prefix for an organic compound with six carbons?
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hex-
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What is the prefix for an organic compound with seven carbons?
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hept-
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What is the prefix for an organic compound with eight carbons?
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oct-
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What is the prefix for an organic compound with nine carbons?
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non-
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What is the prefix for an organic compound with ten carbons?
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dec-
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What is the formula for methyl?
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CH3
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What is the formula for ethyl?
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CH3CH2
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What is the formula for propyl?
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CH3CH2CH2
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What is the formula for butyl?
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CH3CH2CH2CH2
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What does isopropyl look like?
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It is a CH that has two (CH3)s attached to it
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What does tert-butyl look like?
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It is a carbon with 3 (CH3)s attached to it
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When naming an organic compound, where do you start numbering the chain?
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From the end nearest the first substituent encountered
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What do you do if there is more than one substituent in a compound?
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List them alphabetically
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What is cycloalkane?
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A ringed carbon structure
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Which cycloalkane rings are most stable?
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Five and six membered rings
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How many bonds are between the carbons in an alkene?
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At least one carbon--carbon double bond
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Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated with hydrogens?
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unsaturated
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Which can rotate, a double bond, triple bond, or a single bond?
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Single bond
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What type of bonds form between the carbons in an alkene?
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In the carbons with double bonds between them, there is one pi bond and one sigma bond. In all the others with just one bond, they are all sigma bonds
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What is the name for an alkene with the carbons in the chain on the same side of the molecule?
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cis-
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What is the name for an alkene with the carbons in the chain on opposite sides of the molecule?
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trans-
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How many bonds do alkynes contain between their carbon atoms?
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At least one carbon--carbon triple bond
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What is the geometry of an alkyne?
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sp
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Are alkynes saturated or unsaturated with hydrogens?
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Unsaturated
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What are the features of an aromatic hydrocarbon?
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-there's a p orbital on each atom, forming pi bonds
-the molecule is planar
-the pi electrons are delocalized
-there is an odd number of electron pairs in the pi system
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What do alcohols contain?
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One or more hydroxyl groups
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What do ethers contain?
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Two hydrocarbon groups bonded to one oxygen
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What type of bond do carbonyl compounds contain?
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Carbon---oxygen double bond
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What are some of the classes of carbonyl compounds?
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Amides
Aldehydes
Carboxylic acid
Ester
Ketone
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What type of bond must an aldehyde contain?
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One hydrogen attached to carbonyl carbon
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What type of bond must a ketone contain?
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Two carbons bonded to the carbonyl carbon
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What type of bond must a carboxylic acid contain?
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hydroxyl group bonded to the carbonyl group
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In esters, what is the hydrogen atom of a carboxylic acid replaced with?
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A carbon containing group
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In amides, what is the OH of a carboxylic acid replaced with?
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NR2
R can be hydrogen or carbon containing group
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What is the general formula for an amine?
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R3N
N can be hydrogen or the carbon containing group
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