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CHEM 120: Lab Final
what color are cobalt solutions usually?
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blue/rose
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how does acidity of a solution affect the color of blue litmus paper?
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acidic=red, basic solution=stays blue
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difference between nonluminous/luminous flame (which is most commonly used in labs)
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nonluminous=natural gas (mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly methane) with enough oxygen to produce a blue flame, producing CO2 and H2O as combustion products. 2 cones. most commonly used in labs.
luminous=natural gas with insufficient supply of oxygen, producing a yellow flame. combusion products also may include carbon monoxide. |
what are clay triangles used for in labs?
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to hold crucibles over a flame.
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what is used to detect the presence of starch?
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what is used to detect the presence of starch?
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name products and reactants involved in producing aspirin.
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salicylic acid and acetic anhydride=reactants
aspirin/acetic acid=products. |
write equation made by Dulong and Petit describing heat capacity for metals
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c=3R/m
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what are centrifuges/supernatants?
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centrifuge=high speed machine used to seperate a solid out from a liquid solution.
supernatant=liquid part on top of the centrifuged solution. |
write molecular/ionic/net ionic equation of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid
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Na2CO3+HCl--2NaCl+CO2+H2O....ionic=all elements, net ionic=only ones that matter/not spectator ions. |
how does one check for qualitative purity?
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check melting point
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what types of ions compose an alum?
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sulfate ion, water, a univalent and trivalent cation.
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what was the limiting reagent in the potassium alum experiment?
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aluminum |
common unit of density
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g/mL
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big rule for sig figs
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add/sub=number w/ least decimal place
mul/div=number w/ least number of sig figs |
absolute zero (celcius and kelvin)
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-273.15 celcius
-0 kelvin |
what is the meniscus
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the curve of a liquid close to the surface of a container, due to surface tension.
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write formula for potassium alum
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KAl(SO4)2*12H2O
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draw mental picture of flame/label areas
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outside cone=blue flame, middle inside=hottest part of flame, below middle inside=-bright blue flame |
intensive properties (+ ejemplo)
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properties independent of sample size. density
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describe two valves on bunsen burner/what each control
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bottom valve=gas (big v small)
higher valve=air (cool v hot) |
big characteristic of epsom salt/chemical formula/describe before and after in experiment
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6 or 7 water molecules, depending on appearance.
MgSO4*7H2O
crystals-->powder |
define 4 characteristics of chemical reaction
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gas evolved, precipitate formed, heat evolves, color change occurs. |
sodium chloride (how it reacts w/ AgNO3, NaOH, HCl)
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precipitate, nr, nr
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sodium carbonate (how it reacts with AgNO3,NaOH, HCl)
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precipitate, nr, gas
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magnesium sulfate (how it reacts with AgNO3, NaOH, HCl)
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nr, cloud/color, nr
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ammonium chloride (how it reacts with AgNO3, NaOH, HCl)
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precipitate, gas, nr
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water (how it reacts with AgNO3, NaOH, HCl)
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nr-->
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how to find empirical formula
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calculate moles of each product being used, then find mole to mole ratio of substances to find approximate emp. formula.
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name colors for each of the 3 halogens in experiment 11
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chlorine=yellow
bromine=orange/brown color
iodine=dark purple color |
give difference between gravity/vacuum filtration
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gravity=simple filter/filter paper.
vacuum=tube to sink/sink all the way on. |
rewrite ideal gas law, including molar mass and mass in grams
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PV=gRT/M
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color of copper
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reddish
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color of iron
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silver |
color of nickel
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silvery white
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4 equations to copper cycle
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Cu+4HNO3-->Cu(NO3)2+2NO2+2H2O
Cu(NO3)2+2NaOH-->Cu(OH)2+2NaNO3
Cu(OH)2+H2SO4-->CuSO4+2H2O
CuSO4+Zn(Al)-->ZnSO4+Cu |