BIOL-L 104: TEST 2
59 Cards in this Set
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During Meta phase
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Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
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Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
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Cancers
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A couple has two female children. What is the probability that their next child will be male?
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50%
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The Correct phase of mitosis is
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Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase,
Telophase Or PMAT for short
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An individual with naturally curly hair and an individual with straight hair mate; all of their offspring have wavy hair. What is the relationship between the alleles?
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incomplete dominance
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What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?
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cells of benign tumors do not metastasize; those of malignant tumors do
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Red-green color blindness
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x-linked recessive trait. Males must inherit from mother. Females must inherit from mother and father.
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Hemophilia
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X-linked, inherited from mother
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Leukemia
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condition of increasing white blood cells
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lymphoma
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malignant tumour of the lymph nodes
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What are sarcomas?
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Malignant tumor from mesenchymal tissue; test with histogenesis. Uncommon. Superficial tumors are more benign and deeper ones more malignant (and not noticed until a while after).
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metastasis
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spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another
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cancer
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the disease state associated with uncontrolled cellular growth- key features include rapid, uncontrolled proliferation and a loss of differentiation
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Carcinogens
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Agents that increase the likelihood of developing cancer.
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teratogen
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a substance that crosses the placenta and harms the fetus
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____ is the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate and move to opposite poles during either meiosis 1 or meiosis 2
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Non-disjunction
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Non-disjunction
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Their mothers
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One of the risk factors for colon cancer is
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High exposure to sunlight
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Normal cells are programmed to die via a process called _______ where nuclear blebbing is observed
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Apoptosis
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In Mendels F2 generation of the purple and white flowers crossing the phenotypic dominant to recessive ratio was
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3:1
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Zn deficiency is often a major contributory factor in which of the which type of cancer
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Esophageal
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The following would be considered a risk for breast cancer
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Mutation of the BRCA1 gene
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Marfan syndrome is the result of inherting a single allele. Individuals with Marfan syndrome are tall and long-limbed and have both cardiovascular and eye defects. The inheritance of Marfan syndrome is an example of
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pleiotropy
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______ is a protein that regulates the cell cycle aids in DNA repair apoptosis and inhibitions of angiogenis
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p53
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during s-phase of the cell cycle, which of the following take place?
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DNA is replicated chromosomal proteins are replicated
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Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. this type of cell division is import for all of the folliwing functions except
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Production of sperm and eggs
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Crossing over during prophase 1 results in
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genetic recombination
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A tumor that has spread to the bones, lungs, or lymph nodes far away from the breast is what stage of breast cancer?
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Stage 4
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In humans, the inheritance of ______ is best explained as being polygenic.
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height/weight
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Assuiming you have a new lump on your face, what would make you confident that it is not a form of skin cancer
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swelling, itchy
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In mitosis, if a parent cell has 46 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have how
many chromosomes?
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46
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In which of the following does the onset of symptoms usually occur after child bearing age?
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Huntingtons
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Mitosis results in _____ nuclei, each with _______ genetic information.
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Two; the same
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A gentic disorder that produces a defect in the metabolism of an amino acid and a "musty odor" in infants
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PKU (Phenylketonuria)
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karyotype of someone with down syndrome
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extra or Trisomy of the 21st chromosome
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Which of the following statements about cancer is true
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Tumors contain low numbers of oncogenes
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Sometimes cancers are able to evade the immune system successfully by
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Producing oncegenic (self protiens)
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Producing oncegenic (self protiens)
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3
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what are the normal sex chromosomes in a human male
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one x and one y chromosome
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Homozygous
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An individual that has 2 allleles that are the same.
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Alleles are described as
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Alternate versions of a gene
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phenotype
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The physical and physiological traits of an organism.
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Genotype
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The humans genetic make up
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Incomplete Dominance
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one dominant allele is not enough to get full trait expressed
ex) flower color red-dominant allele
white-recessive allele
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Codominance
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Both phenotype are expressed
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Specialized multiprotein complex that assembles at the centromere of a chromatid and is the site of attachment of spindle microtubles during mitosis
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kinetochore
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To determine the phenotype of an individual who expresses a dominant trait, you would cross that individual with an individual who ______.
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is homozygous recessive for that trait
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If a cell has 46 chromosomes before meiosis, the new cells will have ____ chromosomes.
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23
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Attached earlobes are recessive to free earlobes. What is the probability of having a child with attached earlobes when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes
a.) 25%
b.) 50%
c.)75%
d.) 100%
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b.) 50%
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Mendel crossed purebred purple-flowered plants with purebred white-flowered plants, and all of the resulting offspring produced purple flowers. The offspring are all ______, and the allele for purple flowers is ______.
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heterozygotes... dominant
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In colon cancer uncontrolled cell division of mutated cells leads to the formation of polyps
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True
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Protooncogenes
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Operate in healthy cells
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one gene has multiple effects on phenotype of organism
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pleitropy
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One difference between mitosis and meiosis is
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mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parents cell, while meiosis does not
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Cancer cells have a tendency to grow in a disorganized manner often piling on top of each other and forming an irregular mass of tissue. this is due to a loss of
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contact inhibition
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Sex linked traits appear more often in males than females because
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males only have one X chromosome
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By analogy, a tumor suppressor gene would correspond to which part of an automobile
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break
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Klinefelts syndrome is caused by non-disjuntion resulting in a geneotype of
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XXY
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The trisomy with small jaw, low set ears, and clenched hands
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Edward's
(trisomy 18)
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BIOL-L 104: EXAM 3