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Psyc 100: Chapter 15 Psychological Disorders
psychopathology (mental illness)
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often seen as a failure of adaptation to the environment
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failure analysis approach
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tries to understand mental illness by examining breakdowns in functioning
-looking at what went wrong |
5 different conceptions of mental illness
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1. statistical rarity
2. subjective distress
3. impairment
4. societal disapproval
5. biological dysfunction |
statistical rarity
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relatively uncommon in the population, can't be exclusively relied on, not all mental illnesses are uncommon
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subjective distress
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produce emotional pain, not all distressful conditions are mental illnesses
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impairment
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negatively affect and individuals ability to function normally
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societal disapproval
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not all things disapproved of by society are mental illnesses (homosexuality)
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biological dysfunction
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many mental illnesses are a result of a breakdown of physiological systems
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labeling theorists
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argue diagnoses cause lasting harm
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biopsychosocial approach
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biological causes, psychological causes, social-cultural causes
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diathesis
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predisposition toward a disorder
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stressor
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stressful life event that makes a disorder manifest
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2 types of anxiety disorders
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cognitive, somatic
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cognitive anxiety
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anxious apprehension, worry
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somatic anxiety
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anxious physiological arousal
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anxiety disorder
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anxiety that is longlasting and disruptive to daily functioning, most prevalent psychological disorders
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somatoform disorder
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physical symptoms that are psychological in origin, pain, paralysis in part of the body
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hypochondriasis
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preoccupation with idea you are sick or have some physical disease
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5 main types of anxiety disorders
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1. generalized anxiety disorder
2. panic disorder
3. phobias
4. PTSD
5. OCD |
generalized anxiety disorder
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excessive worrying or anxiety across many areas of life, irritability, sleep problems, inability to concentrate
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panic disorder
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recurrent panic attacks, chest pain, dizziness, sweating, fear of death, can be associated with specific situation or come randomly
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agoraphobia
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fear of having a panic attack in a place or situation where escape is difficult or embarassing
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specific phobias
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intense fear of objects, places, or situations that is greatly out of proportion to their actual threat
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PTSD |
emotional disturbance after you experience or witness a severely stressful event
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OCD
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condition marked by repeated and lengthy immersion in obsessions, compulsions, or both
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obsession
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recurrent, intrusive thoughts or images that generate significant distress
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compulsions
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repetitive behaviors aimed at preventing or reducing distress
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catastrophic thinking
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predicting terrible events despite low probability
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anxiety sensitivity
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a fear of anxiety-related symptoms
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mood disorders
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characterized by long lasting extremes in mood
-depressive disorders
-bipolar disorders |
depression |
prolonged sadness, self blame, sense of worthlessness, absence of pleasure or motivation, thoughts of suicide of death
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major depressive disorder
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more prevalent in females, can develop gradually or suddenly, recurrent
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cyclo-
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cyclical or in a cycle
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-thymia
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mood or state of mind
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dys-
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bad or ill
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hypo-
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under, beneath, below, lack of
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learned helplessness
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tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can't control
-failures = internal
-successs = external |
personality disorders
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should only be diagnosed when personality traits first appear by adolescnece, traits are inflexible, stable, traits lead to distress or impairment
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borderline personality disorder
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marked by instability in mood, identity, and impulse control, often highly self-destructive
-drug abuse
-sexual promiscuity
-overeating
-self mutilation
-threatening suicide to manipulate others |
psychopathic personality
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condition marked by superficial charm, dishonestly, manipulativeness, self-centeredness, and risk taking, overlaps with antisocial personality disorder
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antisocial personality disorder
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condition marked by lengthy history of irresponsible/illegal actions
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dissociative disorders
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disorders that involve disruptions in consciousness memory, identity, and perception
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depersonlization disorder
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feeling detached from yourself, feeling as if youre watching yourself from the outside, only a disorder if it happens frequently
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dissociative amnesia
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inability to recall personal information following a stressful experience that can't be explained by normal forgetting or trauma
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dissociative fugue
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sudden, unexpected travel away from home or the workplace, accompanied by amnesia of significant life events, will sometimes just start over
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schizophrenia
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severe disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality, disturbances in attention, thinking, language, emotion and relationships
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deluisons
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symptoms of schizophrenia, strongly held, fixed beliefs with no basis in reality
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psychotic symptoms
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reflect serious distortions in reality
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hallucinations
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sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli
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word salad and catatonia are common symptoms of...
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schizophrenia
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brain abnormalities of schizophrenia
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enlarged ventricles, increases sulci size, hypofrontality
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neurotransmitter differences of schizophrenia
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abnormalities in dopamine receptors
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diathesis stress models
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propose that mental illnesses are a joint product of a genetic vulnerability (diathesis) and stressors that trigger it
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autistic disorder
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marked by severe deficits in language, social bonding, and imagination, obsessed with certain objects
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attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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primary problems include inattentive, impulsive, and hyperactivity
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