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Phil 110: Islam
Pre-Islamic Arab beliefs
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· The ka'ba (Kaaba): the holiest place in Islam, a large cube building inside the al-Masjid al-Haram mosque in Mecca
· The Arabs believed in Allah |
Allah
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the divine
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Shari'a
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the code of conduct or religious law of Islam
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Qur'an
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recitation; god's words as revealed to and recited by Muhammad
Major Themes:
1. "There is no god but God"
The womb of the mother is the center of love
2. Prophethood - warns his people (of consequences if evil), bring the good news of heaven for those who are good, witnesses
3. There are consequences - you have to change and you have to change now (a sense of urgency)
· The Sunna: the "other" form of revelation (Muhammad's way) |
Muhammad |
one who is praised
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Night Journey and Ascension
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the Islamic prophet Muhammad took during a single night around the year 621. It has been described as both a physical and spiritual journey |
Medina/Yathrib
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a city in Saudi Arabia; the second holiest city in Islam; the burial place of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, and it is historically significant for being his home after the Hijrah
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Ka'ba
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the holiest place in Islam, a large cube building inside the al-Masjid al-Haram mosque in Mecca
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Mecca
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In the 7th century, the Islamic prophet Muhammad proclaimed Islam in the city which was by then an important trading center
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Hadith
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collection of records of Muhammad's sayings doings and what he approves
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Sunna
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a part of Islamic law
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Umma
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Muslim community
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Five Pillars
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1. Declaration of Faith
2. Prayer - 5 prayers/day
3. Alms (giving to the poor, charity)
4. Fasting in the month of Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime (if able) |
Hijra
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the migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers to the city of Medina in 622
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5/6 Articles of Faith
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1. God
2. Angels
3. The Revealed Books (i.e., the Qur'an and the "pure" version of the earlier revelations)
4. Messengers5. The Day of Judgment (& Afterlife)
· Salvation
6. "Divine Decree & Power" |
Jihad |
a religious duty of Muslims; “Struggle”; a struggle for a noble cause |
Hiraba |
an act of violence that leads to a sense of fear and a sense of helplessness
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Fatwa |
media definition - presented as death sentence
actual meaning - a non-binding yet legitimizing opinion or ruling |
Rightly Guided Caliphs
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a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the first four Caliphs
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Sunni
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Sunni Islam is referred to as the orthodox version of the religion.
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Shi'ite |
Shia Islam is based on the teachings of the Islamic holy book, the Qurʻān and the message of the final prophet of Islam, Muhammad.In contrast to other schools of thought, Shias believe that only the Almighty has the right to chose his representative to safeguard Islam, Quran and Shariah. This means that God's representatives like Prophets and Imams can not be elected by common Muslims |
Twelver |
the largest branch of Shia Muslim; which is derived from their belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders
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Sufism
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Goal: finding God and fighting the ego
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Imam |
an Islamic leadership position, often the worship leader of a mosque and the Muslim community. Similar to spiritual leaders, the imam is the one who leads Islamic worship services. More often, the community turns to the mosque imam if they have a religious question. In smaller communities, an imam could also be the community leader.
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Caliph
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the Muslim head of state
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Umayyad Caliphate
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the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad
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Abbasid Dynasty
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the third of the Islamic caliphates
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Golden Age
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philosophers, scientists and engineers of the Islamic world contributed to technology, both by preserving earlier traditions and by adding their own inventions and innovations. Scientific and intellectual achievements blossomed in the Golden age.
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Wahhabism
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a religious movement or a branch of Sunni Islam
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Ottoman Empire
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centered on the Islamic religion
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Ijtihad
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the making of a decision in Islamic law (sharia) by personal effort (jihad)
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Hijab
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a veil that covers the hair and usually the neck
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Significance of 1965
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Johnson signs immigration bill
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