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PSY 0160: TEST 2
Anticathexis |
the investment of energy in suppressing an undesireable impulse or image
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Apoptosis
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Biologically programed cell death
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Catharsis |
the release of emotional tension, invest energy into satisfying a need
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Cathexis |
the investment of psychic energy in a desired activity or image
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Conscious |
the part of the mind that holds what one is currently aware of
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Death instincts (Thanatos)
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self-destructive instincts often turned outward as aggression
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Displacement |
the shifting of an impulse from its original target to a different target
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Ego |
the rational part of the personality that deals pragmatically with reality
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Ego cathexis
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binding psychic energy in an ego-guided activity, energy into something associated with a need
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Ego ideal
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the part of the superego that represents perfection and rewards for good behavior
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Ego strength
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the ability of the ego to function despite the competing demands of the id, superego, and reality
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Fixation |
condition of being partly stuck in a stage of psychosexual development
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Id |
the original, primitive component of personality; the source of all energy
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Identify |
to develop feelings of similarity to and connectedness with another person
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Introjection
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absorbing the values of one's parents into one's superego
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Anal Stage
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the second stage of development, centered around issues in toilet training
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Castration Anxiety
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a boy's fear (from the phallic stage) that his father will perceive him as a rival and castrate him
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Genital stage
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the final stage of development, characterized by mature and mutual sexual involvement with another
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Latency period
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the period in which the crises of the phallic stage give way to temporary calm
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Libido |
the collective energy of the life instincts
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Life instincts or Sexual instincts (Eros)
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survival and sexual instincts
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Oedipus complex
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the mix of desire for the opposite sex parent and fear of or hatred for the same sex parent
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Oral stage
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the first stage of psychosexual development, in which oral needs create a crisis of weaning
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Penis envy
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a girl's envy of males, from feelings of having been castrated
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Phallic stage
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the third stage of development, in which a crisis occurs over sexual desire for the opposite sex parent
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Pleasure principle
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the idea that impulses should be gratified immediately
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Preconscious
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the region of the mind that corresponds to ordinary memory
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Primary Process
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the id process that creates an unconscious image of a desired object
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Reality principle
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the idea that actions must take into account the constraints of external reality
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Reality testing
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the ego's checking to see whether plans will work before they are put into action
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Repression |
preventing an idea of impulse from becoming conscious
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Secondary Process
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the ego process of rationally seeking an object to satisfy a desire
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Structural Model
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freud's model of three components of personality
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Sublimation
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altering an unacceptable id impulse to an activity that's more socially acceptable
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Superego
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the component of personality that seeks moral perfection
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Topographical model
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freud's model of three regions, or areas, of the mind
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Unconscious |
the region of the mind that's not accessible to consciousness
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Wish fulfillment
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the creation of an unconscious image of a desired object
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Order of Stages of fixation
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oral
anal
phallic
latency period
genital
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Anxiety
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a feeling warning the ego that something bad is about to happen
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Current Concerns
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preoccupations in one's current waking life
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Defense mechanism
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an ego-protective strategy to hide threats from yourself and thereby reduce anxiety
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Denial |
a refusal to believe that some real condition exsists
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Displacement
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the shifting of an impulse from its original target to a different one
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Dream work
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processes that distort latent dream content and transform it into manifest content
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Free Association
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a therapy procedure of saying without hesitation whatever comes to mind
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Identification
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linking oneself symbolically with someone who has a desired quality that is missing from oneself
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Insight |
an emotional re-experiencing of earlier conflicts in one's life that occurs during therapy
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Intellectualization
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the process of thinking about something clinically and without emotion
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Latent content
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the underlying sources of symbolic dream images
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Manifest content
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the images that make up the dream experience as it is recalled
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Mechanism of opposites
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a process in which an unacceptable element of latent content is expressed manifestly as its opposite
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Moral anxiety
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the fear of behaving in conflict with the superego's moral code, feel bad about something you've done
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Neurotic anxiety
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the fear that your id impulses will get out of control and get you into trouble
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Parapraxis
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a slip of the tongue, behavior, or memory
ex- forgetting (successful repression), freudian slips (try to say one thing but accidentally say something your thinking subconsciously), connection on meaning and sound
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Projection |
ascribing a threatening urge or quality in yourself to someone else
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Projective techniques
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an assessment in which you project from the unconscious onto ambiguous stimuli
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Rationalization |
finding a plausible but incorrect explanation for an unacceptable action or event
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Reaction Formation
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doing the opposite of what your impulses are
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Reality Anxiety
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the fear of danger in the world
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Regression
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a return to a mode of coping from an earlier stage of development
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Repression |
the process of keeping an idea or impulse in the unconscious
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Resistance
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an attempt to avoid becoming conscious of threatening material in therapy
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Rorschach inkblot test
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a projective test that uses inkblots as ambiguous stimuli
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Sublimination
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the alteration of an id impulse into a socially acceptable act
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Symbolization
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the transformation of unacceptable latent dream content into less threatening symbols
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Transference |
the displacement onto your therapist of feelings that are tied to an objest of conflict
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Archetypes |
aspects of the world that people have an inherited tendency to notice or perceive
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Collective Unconscious
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memories everyone has from human and even prehuman ancestors
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Competence motivation
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the motive to be effective or adept in dealing with the environment
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Effectance motivation
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the need to have an impact on the environment
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Ego control
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the extent to which a person modifies or inhibits impulse expression
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Ego psychology
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the neoanalytic theories that give ego functions central importance
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Ego resiliency
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the capacity to modify one's usual level of ego control to adapt to new situaions
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Feelings of inferiority
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the realization that one is deficient in some way, minor of major
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Functional autonomy
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the continuance of an act even after its initial purpose no longer exists
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Inferiority complex
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feelings of inferiority bad enough to suggest an inability to solve life's problems
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Lifestyle
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a person's pattern of inferiority feelings and manner of striving for superiority
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Mistaken lifestyle
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a lifestyle that isn't effective in adapting of attaining superiority
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Need for cognition
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a need to think about and impose meaningful structure on experiences
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Organ inferiority
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a weakness in an area of the body, making one vulnerable to illness here
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Primary ego autonomy
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the idea that the ego exists independently from the id from birth on
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Principle of opposites
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the idea that life consists of polarities that oppose and balance each other
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Secondary ego autonomy
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the idea that an ego function can become satisfying in its own right
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Superiority complex
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exaggerated striving to excel to compensate for deep inferiority feelings
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Attachment
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an emotional connection to someone else
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Basic Anxiety
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a sense of insecurity, a feeling of being abandoned and isolated
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Ego identity
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the overall sense of self that emerges from transactions with social reality
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Ego quality (ego strength or virtue)
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the quality that becomes part of one's personality through successful management of a crisis
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Epigenesis
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the idea (adopted from embryology) that an internal plan for future development is present at the beginning of life
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Identity commitment
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the adoption of a specific identity
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Identity crisis
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a time of intense exploration of alternative ways of viewing oneself
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Identity status
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the condition of whether an identity crisis has occurred and whether an identity has been attained
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Life-span development
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the idea that development processes continue throughout life
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Mirroring |
the giving of positive attention and supportiveness to someone
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Narcissism
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a sense of grandiose self-importance and entitlement
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Neurotic needs
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maladaptive needs that emerge from overuse of strategies to combat basic anxiety
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Object relations
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an individual's symbolized relations to other persons (such as parents)
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Play therapy
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the use of play as a procedure for conducting therapy with children
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Psychosocial crisis ( or conflict)
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a period when some interpersonal issue is being dealt with and growth potential and vulnerability are both high
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Self psychology
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Kohut's theory that relationships create the structure of self
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Selfobject |
the mental symbol of another person who serves functions for oneself
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Separation-individuation
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the process of acquiring a distinct identity; separating from fusion with the mother
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Strange situation
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a procedure used to assess the attachment pattern of infant to mother
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Symbiosis
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a period in which an infant experiences fusion with the mother
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Transference
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the viewing of other people through selfobject representations originally developed for parents
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Vicious cycle
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a cycle of needing affection, failing to obtain it, and thereby increasing the need
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Personality structure
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ego- reality principle- 2nd process thinking- reality testing- psychological component
id- pleasure principle- primary process thinking- wish fullfillment- biological component (eros and thantos)
superego- moral imperatives- social component- conscious and ego-ideal
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Freud Processes
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primary- reflex action, wish fulfillment
secondary- identification, reality testing
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Problems with Freud
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shocking, too many metaphors, sexist, bad science
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Compensation |
striving to make up for unconscious impulses or fears
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Primal Repression
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repress impulses that make us uncomfortable
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Repression Proper
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repress memories of painful experiences
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Partial repression
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you still have the memory but you just don't think about it
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Carl Jung
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collective unconscious and archetypes ( persona, shadow, anima, animas)
attitudes (extravert, introvert), funtions of thought (thinking, feeling, sensing, intuiting)
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Heinz Hartman
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ego :
conflict sphere- satisfying ids needs
conflict free sphere- thinking,planning, adaptation
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Robert White
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effectance motivation- knowing we have an effect on things
competence motivation- knowing you did something well
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Alfred Adler
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organ inferiority, inferiority complex, superiority complex
Birth order- youngest (spoiled, lazy), middle (ambitious), oldest (dethroned)
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Margret Mahler
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symbiosis, seperation anxiety
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John Bowlby
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internal working model- relationship with caregiver important for the rest of life
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Mary Ainsworth
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strange situation
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Infant attachment styles
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secure, ambivalent, avoidant
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Adult romantic attachment styles
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secure, ambivalent (don't deserve love but others do), dissmissing (deserve love but others dont), fearful ( dont deserve love and neither does anyone else)
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