BIOL 3800: CHAPTER 6
27 Cards in this Set
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A Fibers
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Average Diameter: 20 micrometers; Average Conduction Velocity: 50 meters/second
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B Fibers
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Average Diameter: 3 micrometers; Average Conduction Velocity: 3 meters/second
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C Fibers
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Average Diameter: 1 micrometer; Average Conduction Velocity: 0.5 meters/second; Always unmyelinated
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Compound Action Potential
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Summation of action potentials from many (hundreds to thousands) axons in a nerve.
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Chemical Synapse
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Junction that: has vesicles, has transmitters, is not a gap junction, is fatiguable, has synaptic delay, has rectification(one-way transmission), has miniature end-plate potentials, is predominate in vertebrates, is excitatory, is inhibitory.
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Electrical Synapse
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Junction that: does not have vesicles, does not have transmitters, is a gap junction, is not fatiguable, does not have synaptic delay, does not have rectification(one-way transmission), does not have miniature end-plate potentials, is predominate in invertebrates, is excitatory, is not in…
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EPSPs (Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential)
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Potential that results from Sodium or Calcium movement in
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IPSPs (Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potentials)
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Potential that results from potassium movement out or chloride movement in.
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Slow (Indirect) Chemical Synapse
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Chemical synapse with large, often elliptical vesicles; large molecules, such as peptides, for transmitters released further from synaptic cleft; receptors linked to G-proteins and then to channels.
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Neuromodulator
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A substance released by slow synapses.
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Nerve Gas (Sarin or Tabun)
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Nerve Gas (Sarin or Tabun)
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Neuromodulator
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Nerve Gas (Sarin or Tabun)
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Nerve Gas (Sarin or Tabun)
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Blocks acetylcholinesterase; causes convulsions and spastic paralysis.
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Eserine (Physostigmine
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Blocks acetylcholinesterase; causes spastic paralysis (at high concentrations).
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Curare
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Blocks receptor; Causes rapid flaccid paralysis
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Botulinum Toxin
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Destroys vesicle docking proteins; Causes slowly developing flaccid paralysis and prevents exocytosis
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Hemicholinium 3
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Blocks choline uptake (slows acetylcholine synthesis); Causes slow flaccid paralysis
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Reserpine
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Empties vesicles; Causes flaccid paralysis
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Carbacol
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Binds and opens acetylcholine channels; Causes spasticity.
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Myasthenia Gravis
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Blocks acetylcholine receptor; Causes slow flaccid paralysis and, ultimately, death.
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Bungarotoxin
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Binds irreversibly to acetylcholine receptor; Causes rapid flaccid paralysis and, ultimately, death.
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Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
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Receptor that: responds to acetylcholine and nicotine, is blocked by curare, and is found primarily at striated muscle.
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Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor
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Receptor that: responds to acetylcholine, muscarine and pilocarpine, is blocked by atropine, and is found primarily at the vagus nerve, cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, glands, parasympathetic system.
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Acetylcholine
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Neurotransmitter that is excitatory at striated muscles and inhibitory at heart nodal tissue.
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Glycine
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Neurotransmitter that is inhibitory and primarily in spinal cord.
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GABA
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Neurotransmitter that is inhibitory and is throughout entire nervous system.
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Glutamate
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Neurotransmitter that is excitatory and is throughout the entire nervous system.
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BIOL 3800: TEST 2